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Parasitology 2018 > Lecture 2: Cestodes > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

cestodes are

A

tapeworms

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2
Q

phylum for tapeworms

A

platyhelminthes “flatworms” which includes trematodes “flukes” and cestodes “tapeworms”

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3
Q

Class Cestoda includes Orders

A

Cyclophyllidea “true tapeworms” like Dipylidium caninum

Pseudophyllidea “psuedotapeworms” like Spirometra mansonides

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4
Q

morphological recap of cyclophyllidean tapeworms

A

hermaphroditic (like most flukes)
always endoparasitic
adults lack digestive tract, but have muscular system to move
scolex (head) contains four suckers/acetabula
armed or unarmed (hooks)
germinal neck and body (strobila) with segments (proglottids)
more mature proglottids are farther from scolex
each proglottid contains excretory system, nervous system and is hermaphroditic

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5
Q

cyclophyllidean tapes only have a __ pore

A

genital

hermaphroditic

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6
Q

pseudophyllidean tapes have a __ and __ pore but are still hermaphroditic

A

uterine and male genital pore

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7
Q

cucumber seed tapeworm

A

diphylidium caninum

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8
Q

distribution of dipylidium caninum

A

worldwide

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9
Q

DH of diphylidium caninum

A

dogs, cats, humans

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10
Q

IH for dipylidium caninum

A

fleas (ctenocephalides felis, c. canis, pulex irritans) and dog lous (trichodectes canis)

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11
Q

juvi tapeworm is called a

A

cysticercoid (metacestode), each is one adult/one scolex

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12
Q

diphylidium caninum reproductive system

A

2 sets of reproductive organs / proglottid and genital pores on the lateral aspects of proglotids

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13
Q

scolex of diphylidium caninum

A

4 circular suckers/acetabulum

ARMED (hooks)

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14
Q

eggs of dipylidium caninum

A

packets with up to 65eggs/packet
6 hooked hexacanth embryos inside eggs

will need to smash up proglottid to get egg packets

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15
Q

proglottids of dipylidium caninum can be found

A

in feces, in pet beds, in fur around anus

look like cucumber seeds

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16
Q

LC of dipylidium caninum

A

proglottids shed in feces
rupture and release egg packets
eggs ingested by IH (flea or louse larvae)
hexacanth embryo mature to cysticercoid inside adult flea w/in 36hr when it is on the DH (temperature triggers)
flea is ingested by DH, scolex attaches to SI

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17
Q

what is unique about the d. caninum LC

A

Embryo matures to cysticercoid once flea is on the DH!

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18
Q

treatment for d. caninum

A

can be difficult or easy
must control fleas/lice
treat tapes with praziquantel, fenbendazole once IH is gone

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19
Q

taeniid type tapeworms

A

long rectangular proglottids
large worms
usually ARMED
single genital pore per proglottid (d. caninum has 2 genital pores)
unique eggs but can’t tell which taeniid spp by looking at eggs

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20
Q

general taeniid LC

A

Adults in SI of DH
proglottids passed in feces
IH ingests eggs (hexacanth embryo) released and penetrates intestinal mucosa to enter circulation
metacestode stage developes in various organs/tissues
DH ingests raw meat with metacestodes

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21
Q

mutton tapeworm

A

taenia ovis

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22
Q

DH taenia ovis

A

SI of dog

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23
Q

metacestode of Taenia ovis

A

skeletal and cardiac muscle of sheep and goats (masseter, heart, diaphragm)

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24
Q

ruminant tapeworm of dogs or abdominal bladderworm

A

taenia hydatigena

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25
Q

adult taenia hydatigena

A

SI of dogs

26
Q

metacestode of taenia hydatigena

A

peritoneal cavity of sheep and goats (serosal surfaces of abdominal organs and liver)

27
Q

rabbit tapeworm or abdominal bladderowrm

A

taenia pisiformis

28
Q

metacestode of taenia pisiformis

A

peritoneal cavity of rabbits (serosal surfaces of abdominal organs)

29
Q

feline taeniid or strobilocercus of rats

A

taenia taeniaeformis

30
Q

adult taenia taeniaeformis

A

SI of felids

31
Q

metacestode of taenia taeniaeformis

A

liver of rats and mice

32
Q

metacestode is a __ in case of taenia taeniaeformis vs other dog taenia discussed were ___

A

strobilocercus (single non-invaginated scolex attached to bladder)
cysticercus (single invaginated scolex “inside out scolex” )

33
Q

this taeniae tapeworm is found in SI of dogs and the metacestode stage is a unilocular hydatid cyst

A

echinococcus granulosus

short tapeworm, metacestode stage contains a large bladder filled with hundreds of scolices that acts as a brood capsule and is also termed to look like ‘hydatid sand” (unilocular hydatid cyst)

34
Q

which taeniid has zoonotic potential

A

echinococcus granulosus

be cautious with all taeniids bc the eggs all look alike

35
Q

echinococcus granulosus metacestode stage is found

A

liver, lung, brain of cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, humans (unilocular hydatid cyst) - can try to sx remove depending on location

36
Q

scary tiny tapeworm that makes a thin multilocular hydatid cyst

A

echinococcus multilocularis

37
Q

metacestode stages of echinococcus multilocularis are found in what animals

A

rodents and humans (liver, lungs, brain, other)

38
Q

contains thousands of brood capsules each containing hundreds of protoscolices

A

multilocular hydatid cyst of echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm

39
Q

sheep coenurus tapeworm or gid bladderworm

A

taenia multiceps

40
Q

taenia multiceps metacestode is found where

A

brain/SC of sheep and goats. Metacestode is a coenurus (large fluid filled bladder with several hundred scolices)

41
Q

rabbit coenurus tapeworm or subcutaneous bladderworm

A

taenia serialis

42
Q

taenia serialis is metacestode is found where

A

SC and IM c.t. of the RABBIT, metacestode is a coenurus (fluid filled bladder with hundreds of scolices lined up into rows

43
Q

what is different from the coenurus of taenia serialis vs. taenia multiceps

A

scolices line up in rows

44
Q

which Taeniid tapeworms have 1 adult metacestode types

A

T. ovis, hydatigena, pisiformis (cysticercus metacestode)

T. taeniaeformis (strobilocercus metacestode)

45
Q

which Taeniid tapeworms have thousands of adults in metacestode type

A

echinococcus granulosum (unilocular hydatid cyst) and multilocularis (multilocular hydatid cyst)

46
Q

which taeniid tapeworm metacestode types have hundreds of adults

A

taenia multiceps and serialis (coenurus)

47
Q

diagnosing taeniid tapeworms

A

fecal float
high specific gravity
adult

48
Q

treatment options for taeniid tapeworms

A

praziquantel

fenbendazole

49
Q

spirometra mansonoides

A

pseudophyllidean tapeworm of dogs, cats, and raccoons

zoonotic

50
Q

one set of reproductive organs, uterine pores, and scolex with 2 bothria

A

spirometra mansonoides

will see black dots down middle

51
Q

stages of spirometra mansonoides

A 
operculated eggs
ciliated coracidium
metacestode stages: 
procercoid in 1IH copepod (
Plerocercoid in 2IH (frog, rat, snake, NOT a fish)
52
Q

Life cycle of spirometra mansonoides

A

adults in SI cat/dog
eggs passed in feces via uterine pore (operculated)
copepod eats coracidium
procercoid in copepod is eaten by frog, rate, stank
plerocercoid or sparganum encysts in muscels of 2IH and is eaten by DH

53
Q

plerocercoid that is encysted

A

sparganum (ie frog legs with sparganum cysts = pseudo tapeworms)

54
Q

is spirometra mansonoides zoonotic

A

yes, humans can eat infected copepod or if meat uses as a poultice (wtf, just don’t do that)

55
Q

the broad fish tapeworm

A

diphyllobothrium latum

56
Q

DH of diphyllobothrium latum

A

SI dogs, cats, polar bears, humans… fish eating mammals

57
Q

IH of diphyllobothrium latum

A 
1IH copepod (like spirometra) 
2IH freshwater fish (unlike spirometra)
58
Q

is diphyllobothrium latum zoonotic?

A

yes

may see vitamin B12 deficiency

59
Q

2 types of pseudophyllidean tapeworms discussed

A

spirometra mansonoides

diphyllobothrium latum

60
Q

cyclophyllidean tapeworms discussed (true tapes)

A 
dipylidium caninum
taeniid types (taenia and echinococcus)

Parasitology 2018 (8 decks)

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