Lecture 2 brain stuff

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

3 layered protective membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. Cushions the brain against the skull, protecting it from injury

Question 2

Meninges Dura Mater

Answer 2

Outermost tough layer, against skull

Question 3

Meninges Arachnoid Mater

Answer 3

Middle Layer. Web-like and cushions the brain

Question 4

Meninges Sub-Arachnoid Space

Answer 4

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) → Barrier between meninges and brain

Question 5

Meninges Pia mater

Answer 5

Innermost layer. Thin and covers brain surface

Question 6

Gray matter

Answer 6

Composed of cell bodies and nuclei
Densley packed

Question 7

White matter

Answer 7

Composed of axons extending from neurons

Question 8

What’s in the forebrain

Answer 8

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

Question 9

What makes up the telencephalon

Answer 9

Cortex
Basal Ganglia
Limbic System

Question 10

What makes up the cortex (and how big is it)

Answer 10

Made of gray matter (cell bodies) in a layered structure
2-4mm thick in humans

Question 11

Neocortex

Answer 11

6 layers of neurons
Evolutionary newer → Explains higher order thinking in humans
Makes up 90% of the cortex

Question 12

Allocortex

Answer 12

3-4 layers of neurons
10% of cortex
Includes the hippocampus and olfactory

Question 13

Basal Ganglia (What’s in it) (What does it do)

Answer 13

Habit formation, reinforcing learning, movement
Caudate + Putamen (Dorsal striatum)
Globus pallidus - Movement
Nucleus accumbens - Reward behaviour, addiction
substantia nigra

Question 14

Limbic System

Answer 14

Mammilary body
Hippocampus
Cingulate cortex
Amygdala
Septum

Question 15

What’s in the Diencephalon

Answer 15

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 16

Thalamus

Answer 16

Primary sensory relay center
Affects everything except olfactory

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

Basic drive centre
Fighting, fleeing, feeding, FUCKING

Question 18

Frontal lobe (what area is in here)

Answer 18

Inhibition/exhibition of behaviour
Voluntary motor control
Broca’s area is in frontal lobe → Speech production

Question 19

Parietal Lobe

Answer 19

Touch
Language
Symbolic representation
Spatial relationships

Question 20

What’s in the midbrain

Answer 20

Mesensphealon

Question 21

What’s in the hindbrain

Answer 21

Metencephalon
Myencephalon

Question 22

Metencephalon

Answer 22

Pons and cerebellum

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Controls voluntary movement

Question 24

Myeencephallon

Answer 24

Medulla

Question 25

Pons and medulla

Answer 25

Control incoming sensory tracts, and outgoing motor information

Question 26

Temporal lobe (what area is in here)

Answer 26

Hearing Music Creativity Recognition of objects Wernicke’s area is in here → Language comprehension

Question 27

Occipital lobe

Answer 27

Vision

Question 28

Central fissure divides

Answer 28

Frontal and parietal

Question 29

Lateral fissure divides

Answer 29

Frontal/parietal to temporal

Question 30

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 30

Divides left/right half of the brain

Question 31

Bumps in brain called

Answer 31

Gyri (Gyrus plural)

Question 32

Folds in brain called

Answer 32

Sulci (sulcus) or fissures !

Question 33

Key principles of brain function

Answer 33

Localization (Divided by function) Collaboration (Brain parts work tgt) Balance (Brain remain in homeostasis) Reorganization (Neuroplasticity)

Question 34

Spinal cord

Answer 34

Tracts for sending motor instructions OUT & tracts for sending sensory information IN

Question 35

What is spinal cord made of

Answer 35

White matter (axons) surrounding gray matter (cell bodies) encased in bone

Question 36

Spinal Cords have…

Answer 36

Nerves extending to the PNS

Question 37

The peripheral nervous system consists of…

Answer 37

Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system

Question 38

Somatic Nervous system Consists of how many cranial / spinal nerves…

Answer 38

12 cranial nerves 31 Spinal nerves

Question 39

What are the division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 39

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Question 40

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Answer 40

Rest and digest

Question 41

Sympathetic

Answer 41

Fight or flight dawg

Question 42

Medial-lateral axis

Answer 42

Inwards (medial) Outwards (Lateral)

Question 43

Rostral-Caudal

Answer 43

Front (rostral) Back

Question 44

Anterior-Posterior

Answer 44

Anterior (front Posterior (back

Question 45

Dorsal-Ventral in the brain

Answer 45

Top (dorsal) Bottom (ventral)

Question 46

Dorsal-ventral in the spinal cords

Answer 46

Dorsal (think dolphin) back Ventral (think vent. tummy) Front