Lecture 2 - Back, Spine and Spinal Cord Flashcards
What are the functions of the back?
Maintenance of posture and movement of limbs and trunk
What are the 3 parts of the trapezius muscle?
Descending (superior), transverse (middle) and ascending (inferior)
A strain in which muscle could result in lower back pain?
Erector spinae
What is meant by an extrinsic back muscle?
A back muscle which attaches back to pectoral girdle
What are some of the extrinsic back muscles and what is there function?
Levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids and latissimus dorsi; move upper limb
What are the functions of the intrinsic muscles of the back?
Maintain back posture, support and extend the spine
What are the 2 groups of intrinsic back muscles?
Erector spinae (superficial) and transversospinalis (deep)
Erector spinae muscle fibres attach superiorly (via tendon) to 1 of 3 things; name all 3
A rib (between rib angles and tubercles), a transverse process of a vertebra or a spinous process of vertebra
Where are transversospinalis muscles found?
Within the grooves between the transverse and spinous processes
What are the functions of the adult vertebral column?
Support the head and trunk when upright, protect the spinal cord (and spinal nerves), allow movements of the head on the neck and movement of the trunk
What is the function of the vertebral arch and what does it consist of?
To protect the spinal cord; 2 pedicles and 2 laminae
Which type of joint is found between adjacent vertebrae?
Synovial facet joint
Where in the vertebral column can you not find an IV disc?
Between C1-C2 and the fused sacrum/coccyx
What are the 5 ligaments within the spine?
Ligamentum flavum, posterior longitudinal ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament, supraspinous ligament and interspinous ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament prevents over-flexion of the spine.
True or false?
False; ALL prevents over-extension, whereas PLL prevents over-flexion
