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Lecture 2: Anterior Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the Great Saphenous Vein travel?

A

Starts at the medial side of dorsal venous arch of foot

Travels medial side of leg and thigh

Terminates in femoral vein on anterior thigh in saphenous opening

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2
Q

What veins are tributaries for Great Saphenous Vein?

A

External Pudendal Vein

Superficial Circumflex Iliac Vein

Superficial Epigastric Vein

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3
Q

Where are the two groups of Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes located in the Femoral Triangle?

A

Superior Horizontal Group: Along the Inguinal Ligament

-drains anterior inferior abdominal wall

Inferior Vertical Group: On either side of Great Saphenous Vein

-drains superficial tissue of lower extremity

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4
Q

The Superficial Lymph Node does not drain what superficial lower extremity structure?

What structure does drain it?

A

Dorsolateral foot and Posterior Calf

Popliteal Lymph Nodes

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5
Q

What does the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory anterior and lateral thigh

L2 and L3

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6
Q

What does the Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory: Scrotum/Labia Majora/Medial Thigh

Motor: Cremaster Muscle

L1 and L2

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7
Q

What does the Obturator Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory: Medial Thigh

Motor: Obturator Externus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor Magnus Muscles

L2-L4

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8
Q

What is Meralgia Paresthetica?

Which nerve is impinged?

A

Tingling and numbness of lateral thigh

Impingment of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

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9
Q

What is the Fascia Lata?

A

Deep connective tissue that surrounds thigh

  • mostly horizontal fibers (except around IT band)
  • Attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle*
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10
Q

What muscular compartments are found in Fascia Lata?

A

Anterior and Medial

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11
Q

What is the Iliotibial tract?

A

Thickened part of the Fascia Lata on the lateral side

  • Vertical Fibers
  • Aponeurosis of gluteus maximus and Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Inserts into Gerdys tubercle*
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12
Q

What septum is contiguous with the Iliotibial Tract?

A

The Lateral Intermuscular Septum

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13
Q

Which compartment is stronger, the Anterior Thigh, or the Posterior Thigh?

A

Anterior Thigh

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14
Q

What muscles flex the hip?

A

Sartorius Muscle

Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major) Muscle

Pectineus Muscle

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15
Q

Which muscles extend the knee?

A

Quadriceps Femoris:

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Medialis

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16
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and vertebral bodies of T12-L5

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur

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17
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What are its action?

A
  1. Flex thigh at hip and trunk
  2. Stabilize hip joint
  3. Flexes vertebral column
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18
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What is the innervation and blod supply?

A

Innervation: L1-L3 Ventral Rami

Blood Supply: Iliolumbar Artery

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19
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Superior Iliac Fossa

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur

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20
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What are its actions?

A
  1. Flexes thigh
  2. Stabilizes Acetabulofemoral joint
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21
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

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22
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Pes Anserinus (proximal end of tibia)

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23
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What are its actions?

A
  1. Flex the hip
  2. Abduct Hip
  3. Laterally Rotate Thigh
  4. Flex the leg at the knee
    * Think of Captain Morgan Pose*
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24
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Profunda Femoris Artery and Saphenous Branch of Descending Genicular Artery

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25
**Rectus Femoris Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** AIIS **Insertion:** Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
26
**Rectus Femoris Muscle** What is its action?
1. Extend leg at the knee *p**owerfully* 2. Helps iliopsoas flex thigh 3. Steadies hip joint
27
**Rectus Femoris Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve **Blood Supply:** Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
28
**Vastus Lateralis Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera **Insertion:** Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
29
**Vastus Lateralis Muscle** What is its action?
Extend the leg at knee joint
30
**Vastus Lateralis Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve **Blood Supply:** Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
31
**Vastus Medialis Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of Linea Aspera **Insertion:** Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
32
**Vastus Medialis Muscle** What is its action?
Extend the leg at knee joint
33
**Vastus Medialis Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve **Blood Supply:** Femoral Artery, Deep Femoral Artery, Superior Medial Genicular Branch of Popliteal Arteryd
34
**Vastus Intermedius Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Anterior and Lateral Surface of Femoral Body **Insertion:** Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
35
**Vastus Intermedius Muscle** What is its action?
Extend the leg at knee joint
36
**Vastus Intermedius Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve **Blood Supply:** Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
37
**Articularis Genu Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Anterior surface of _distal femur_ **Insertion:** Anterior Capsule of Knee
38
**Articularis Genu Muscle** What is its action?
Tightens caupsule of knee during leg extension
39
**Articularis Genu Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve **Blood Supply:** Femoral Artery
40
What muscles insert at Pes Anserinus? What are its innervations?
**Sartorius** **Muscle**: Femoral Nerve **Gracilis** **Muscle**: Obturator Nerve **Semitendenous** **Muscle**: Tibial Branch of Sciatic Nerve
41
What is Osgood Schlatter Disease?
Inflammation of the area just _below the knee_ where patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone * -Most common in children where running/jumpin can pull* *Patellar Ligament causing a slight (incomplete) avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity*. * -Osteogenesis can lead to a bony growth at the location of the avulsion.*
42
**Pectineus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Superior Pubic Ramus **Insertion:** Pectineal Line of the Femur
43
**Pectineus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Adduction of the thigh 2. Flexion of the thigh
44
**Pectineus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Femoral Nerve (*Despite being in the Medial Compartment*) **Blood Supply:** Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
45
**Adductor Longus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Body of Pubis inferior to Pubic Crest **Insertion:** Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera
46
**Adductor Longus Muscle** What is its action?
Adduction of the thigh
47
**Adductor Longus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Obturator Nerve **Blood Supply:** Deep Femoral Artery
48
**Adductor Brevis Muscle** Origin
**Origin:** Body and Inferior Pubic Ramus **Insertion:** Pectineal Line and Proximal Linea Aspera
49
**Adductor Brevis Muscle** What is its action?
1. Adducts thigh 2. Assists in flexion of hip
50
**Adductor Brevis Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Obturator Nerve **Blood Supply:** Deep Femoral Artery
51
**Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Inferior Ramus of Pubis and Ramus of Ischium **Insertion:** Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line;
52
**Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Adduction of Thigh 2. _Flexion_ of the Thigh
53
**Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Obturator Nerve **Blood Supply:** Deep Femoral Artery
54
**Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Ischial Tuberosity **Insertion:** Medial Epicondyle of the Femur
55
**Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Adducts Thigh 2. _Extends_ Thigh
56
**Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve **Blood Supply:** Deep Femoral Artery
57
**Gracilis Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Inferior Pubic Ramus and body of pubis **I****nsertion:** Pes Anserinus
58
Give the following for the Gracilis: Action
Adduction of the Hip Flexion of the Hip Medial Rotation of the Hip
59
**Gracilis Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Obturator Nerve **Blood Supply:** Obturator Artery
60
**Obturator Externus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Margins of Obturator Foramen and Obturator Membrane **Insertion:** Trochanteric Fossa of Femur
61
**Obturator Externus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Lateral Rotation of Thigh 2. Holds Head of Femur in Acetabulum
62
**Obturator Externus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Obturator Nerve **Blood Supply:** Obturator Artery
63
What septum separates the Anterior and Posterior Compartments of the Thigh?
**Lateral** Intermuscular Septum
64
What separates the Anterior and Medial Compartments of the Thigh?
**Medial** Intermuscular Septum
65
What two compartments of the Thigh do not have a septum between them?
The Posterior and Medal Compartments
66
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
**Anteromedial:** Sartorius Muscle **Lateral:** Vastus Medialis Muscle **Posterior:** Adductor Longus and Adductor Magnus Muscles *Runs from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus*
67
What is found inside the Adductor Canal?
Passageway for structures between anterior thigh and posterior thigh * Femoral Artery * Femoral Vein * Saphenous Artery * Saphenous Nerve * Nerve to Vastus Medialis Muscle
68
What exists the adductor canal?
*Femoral Artery and Vein become* **Popliteal Artery and Vein**
69
How does Saphenous Nerve leave the Adductor Canal?
It pierces through Adductor Magnus and supplies cutaneous medial leg and foot ## Footnote *Does not exit adductor canal*
70
What is a groin pull?
Strain of proximal attachments in anteromedial thigh muscles that deal with flexing and adduction * Obturator Externus * Pectineus * Adductor Brevis, Longus, Magnus * Gracilis *Groin is junction between trunk and thigh*
71
What nerve roots are being tested when a physician strikes the Calcaneal Tendon with a reflex hammer?
S1-S2
72
What nerve roots are tested when a physician checks the patellar reflex?
L2-L4
73
What is it called when a patellar reflex is absent?
Westphal's Sign
74
What spinal roots give rise to the Femoral Nerve?
L2-L4
75
What spinal roots give rise to the Obturator Nerve?
L2-L4
76
What spinal roots give rise to the Sciatic Nerve?
L4-S3
77
What spinal roots give rise to the Common Fibular Branch of the Sciatic Nerve?
L4-S2
78
What spinal roots give rise to the Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve?
L4-S3
79
Where can the Iliopectineal Bursa be found, and why is it clinically relevant?
Deep to Iliopsoas Muscle and Pectineus - Mostly on the capsule of the hip joint - Can become inflamed and lead to groin pain
80
What two bursae can be found deep to Pes Anserinus on the _medial_ side of the knee?
Bursa of Semimembranosus Anserine Bursa
81
What three bursae can be found on the _lateral_ side of the knee?
1. Bursa Deep to the IT Tract 2. Bursa Deep to the Fibular Collateral Ligament 3. Bursa Deep to the Biceps Femoris
82
Where is the Patellar Ligament found? Where is the Patellar Tendon found?
**Patellar Tendon:** Superior to Patella, connecting it to Quadriceps Muscles **Patellar Ligament** Inferior to Patella, connecting it to Tibial Tuberosity
83
What is Hilton's Law?
A joint is innervated by the same nerves that supply the uscles that move the joint and supply the skin over joint

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