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Extras > Lecture 2: Anterior Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Anterior Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the Great Saphenous Vein travel?

A

Starts at the medial side of dorsal venous arch of foot

Travels medial side of leg and thigh

Terminates in femoral vein on anterior thigh in saphenous opening

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2
Q

What veins are tributaries for Great Saphenous Vein?

A

External Pudendal Vein

Superficial Circumflex Iliac Vein

Superficial Epigastric Vein

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3
Q

Where are the two groups of Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes located in the Femoral Triangle?

A

Superior Horizontal Group: Along the Inguinal Ligament

-drains anterior inferior abdominal wall

Inferior Vertical Group: On either side of Great Saphenous Vein

-drains superficial tissue of lower extremity

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4
Q

The Superficial Lymph Node does not drain what superficial lower extremity structure?

What structure does drain it?

A

Dorsolateral foot and Posterior Calf

Popliteal Lymph Nodes

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5
Q

What does the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory anterior and lateral thigh

L2 and L3

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6
Q

What does the Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory: Scrotum/Labia Majora/Medial Thigh

Motor: Cremaster Muscle

L1 and L2

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7
Q

What does the Obturator Nerve innervate?

What spinal roots contribute to it?

A

Sensory: Medial Thigh

Motor: Obturator Externus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor Magnus Muscles

L2-L4

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8
Q

What is Meralgia Paresthetica?

Which nerve is impinged?

A

Tingling and numbness of lateral thigh

Impingment of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

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9
Q

What is the Fascia Lata?

A

Deep connective tissue that surrounds thigh

  • mostly horizontal fibers (except around IT band)
  • Attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle*
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10
Q

What muscular compartments are found in Fascia Lata?

A

Anterior and Medial

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11
Q

What is the Iliotibial tract?

A

Thickened part of the Fascia Lata on the lateral side

  • Vertical Fibers
  • Aponeurosis of gluteus maximus and Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Inserts into Gerdys tubercle*
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12
Q

What septum is contiguous with the Iliotibial Tract?

A

The Lateral Intermuscular Septum

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13
Q

Which compartment is stronger, the Anterior Thigh, or the Posterior Thigh?

A

Anterior Thigh

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14
Q

What muscles flex the hip?

A

Sartorius Muscle

Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major) Muscle

Pectineus Muscle

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15
Q

Which muscles extend the knee?

A

Quadriceps Femoris:

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Medialis

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16
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and vertebral bodies of T12-L5

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur

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17
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What are its action?

A
  1. Flex thigh at hip and trunk
  2. Stabilize hip joint
  3. Flexes vertebral column
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18
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

What is the innervation and blod supply?

A

Innervation: L1-L3 Ventral Rami

Blood Supply: Iliolumbar Artery

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19
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Superior Iliac Fossa

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur

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20
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What are its actions?

A
  1. Flexes thigh
  2. Stabilizes Acetabulofemoral joint
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21
Q

Iliacus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

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22
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Pes Anserinus (proximal end of tibia)

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23
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What are its actions?

A
  1. Flex the hip
  2. Abduct Hip
  3. Laterally Rotate Thigh
  4. Flex the leg at the knee
    * Think of Captain Morgan Pose*
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24
Q

Sartorius Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Profunda Femoris Artery and Saphenous Branch of Descending Genicular Artery

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25
Q

Rectus Femoris Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

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26
Q

Rectus Femoris Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Extend leg at the knee p**owerfully
  2. Helps iliopsoas flex thigh
  3. Steadies hip joint
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27
Q

Rectus Femoris Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

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28
Q

Vastus Lateralis Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

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29
Q

Vastus Lateralis Muscle

What is its action?

A

Extend the leg at knee joint

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30
Q

Vastus Lateralis Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

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31
Q

Vastus Medialis Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of Linea Aspera

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

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32
Q

Vastus Medialis Muscle

What is its action?

A

Extend the leg at knee joint

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33
Q

Vastus Medialis Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral Artery, Deep Femoral Artery, Superior Medial Genicular Branch of Popliteal Arteryd

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34
Q

Vastus Intermedius Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Anterior and Lateral Surface of Femoral Body

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

35
Q

Vastus Intermedius Muscle

What is its action?

A

Extend the leg at knee joint

36
Q

Vastus Intermedius Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

37
Q

Articularis Genu Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Anterior surface of distal femur

Insertion: Anterior Capsule of Knee

38
Q

Articularis Genu Muscle

What is its action?

A

Tightens caupsule of knee during leg extension

39
Q

Articularis Genu Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral Artery

40
Q

What muscles insert at Pes Anserinus?

What are its innervations?

A

Sartorius Muscle: Femoral Nerve

Gracilis Muscle: Obturator Nerve

Semitendenous Muscle: Tibial Branch of Sciatic Nerve

41
Q

What is Osgood Schlatter Disease?

A

Inflammation of the area just below the knee where patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone

  • -Most common in children where running/jumpin can pull* Patellar Ligament causing a slight (incomplete) avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity.
  • -Osteogenesis can lead to a bony growth at the location of the avulsion.*
42
Q

Pectineus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Superior Pubic Ramus

Insertion: Pectineal Line of the Femur

43
Q

Pectineus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Adduction of the thigh
  2. Flexion of the thigh
44
Q

Pectineus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Femoral Nerve (Despite being in the Medial Compartment)

Blood Supply: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

45
Q

Adductor Longus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Body of Pubis inferior to Pubic Crest

Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

46
Q

Adductor Longus Muscle

What is its action?

A

Adduction of the thigh

47
Q

Adductor Longus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply: Deep Femoral Artery

48
Q

Adductor Brevis Muscle

Origin

A

Origin: Body and Inferior Pubic Ramus

Insertion: Pectineal Line and Proximal Linea Aspera

49
Q

Adductor Brevis Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Adducts thigh
  2. Assists in flexion of hip
50
Q

Adductor Brevis Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply: Deep Femoral Artery

51
Q

Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Inferior Ramus of Pubis and Ramus of Ischium

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line;

52
Q

Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Adduction of Thigh
  2. Flexion of the Thigh
53
Q

Adductor Portion of the Adductor Magnus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply: Deep Femoral Artery

54
Q

Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Medial Epicondyle of the Femur

55
Q

Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Adducts Thigh
  2. Extends Thigh
56
Q

Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve

Blood Supply: Deep Femoral Artery

57
Q

Gracilis Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus and body of pubis

Insertion: Pes Anserinus

58
Q

Give the following for the Gracilis:

Action

A

Adduction of the Hip

Flexion of the Hip

Medial Rotation of the Hip

59
Q

Gracilis Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

60
Q

Obturator Externus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Margins of Obturator Foramen and Obturator Membrane

Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa of Femur

61
Q

Obturator Externus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of Thigh
  2. Holds Head of Femur in Acetabulum
62
Q

Obturator Externus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

63
Q

What septum separates the Anterior and Posterior Compartments of the Thigh?

A

Lateral Intermuscular Septum

64
Q

What separates the Anterior and Medial Compartments of the Thigh?

A

Medial Intermuscular Septum

65
Q

What two compartments of the Thigh do not have a septum between them?

A

The Posterior and Medal Compartments

66
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

Anteromedial: Sartorius Muscle

Lateral: Vastus Medialis Muscle

Posterior: Adductor Longus and Adductor Magnus Muscles

Runs from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

67
Q

What is found inside the Adductor Canal?

A

Passageway for structures between anterior thigh and posterior thigh

  • Femoral Artery
  • Femoral Vein
  • Saphenous Artery
  • Saphenous Nerve
  • Nerve to Vastus Medialis Muscle
68
Q

What exists the adductor canal?

A

Femoral Artery and Vein become Popliteal Artery and Vein

69
Q

How does Saphenous Nerve leave the Adductor Canal?

A

It pierces through Adductor Magnus and supplies cutaneous medial leg and foot

Does not exit adductor canal

70
Q

What is a groin pull?

A

Strain of proximal attachments in anteromedial thigh muscles that deal with flexing and adduction

  • Obturator Externus
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Brevis, Longus, Magnus
  • Gracilis

Groin is junction between trunk and thigh

71
Q

What nerve roots are being tested when a physician strikes the Calcaneal Tendon with a reflex hammer?

A

S1-S2

72
Q

What nerve roots are tested when a physician checks the patellar reflex?

A

L2-L4

73
Q

What is it called when a patellar reflex is absent?

A

Westphal’s Sign

74
Q

What spinal roots give rise to the Femoral Nerve?

A

L2-L4

75
Q

What spinal roots give rise to the Obturator Nerve?

A

L2-L4

76
Q

What spinal roots give rise to the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S3

77
Q

What spinal roots give rise to the Common Fibular Branch of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S2

78
Q

What spinal roots give rise to the Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S3

79
Q

Where can the Iliopectineal Bursa be found, and why is it clinically relevant?

A

Deep to Iliopsoas Muscle and Pectineus

  • Mostly on the capsule of the hip joint
  • Can become inflamed and lead to groin pain
80
Q

What two bursae can be found deep to Pes Anserinus on the medial side of the knee?

A

Bursa of Semimembranosus

Anserine Bursa

81
Q

What three bursae can be found on the lateral side of the knee?

A
  1. Bursa Deep to the IT Tract
  2. Bursa Deep to the Fibular Collateral Ligament
  3. Bursa Deep to the Biceps Femoris
82
Q

Where is the Patellar Ligament found?

Where is the Patellar Tendon found?

A

Patellar Tendon: Superior to Patella, connecting it to Quadriceps Muscles

Patellar Ligament Inferior to Patella, connecting it to Tibial Tuberosity

83
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

A joint is innervated by the same nerves that supply the uscles that move the joint and supply the skin over joint

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