Lecture 2: A tour of eukaryotic cells Flashcards
What are unique features in plant cells?
Chloroplasts and a cell wall
What is the nucleus?
This is the location of DNA, the cells heritable material and is surrounded by a double nuclear membrane. The interior of the nucleus contains DNA and protein = chromatin.
What is the nucleolus?
This is the site where ribsome units are assmembled and genetic information is synthesised + translated into proteins language.
Ribosomes? Function and location?
They perform protein synthesis and read mRNA and produce encoded proteins via process of translation. They are found in cytoplasm, ER and in mitochondria.
Transcription?
This is the first step of gene expression and involves the process of copying a segment of DNA then transcribing into RNA molecules.
Translation?
Process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER are synthesised, the mRNA is decoded in a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain.
Mitochondria?
This is the respiratory centre of the cell, harvests energy from food molecules. It has their own DNA and ribosomes for making proteins.
What is equation for cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP
Chloroplast?
This is the photosynthesis centre of the cell and is found in plant cells, and contains the pigment, chlorophyll.
Where does photosynthesis occur? + structure of this organelle
Occurs in chloroplasts and contain three membranes (outer, inner and thylakoid)
Cytoskeleton?
The source and structure of the cell, controls cell shape and movement. This is correlated with mitosis.
Types of cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
Vacuole?
This is the plant cell regulator, one or more vacuoles in mature plant cells.
What does vacuole house?
Houses water that contains enzymes, ions, pigments, and toxic metabolic byproducts.
Extracellular structures?
There are cell walls in plants and fungi. Rigid structure outside of plasma, consisting of polysaccharides.
