LECTURE 2

Question 1

EXPLAIN THE SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL

Answer 1

(1) decision to communicate
(2) encoding
(3) transmission through medium
(4) reception
(5) decoding
(6) internalisation

Question 2

DESCRIBE THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Answer 2

the source encodes the message
the channel transmits the message
the receiver receives and decodes the message and gives feedback to the source

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTALS IN THE COM PROCESS?

Answer 3

-stimulation (source)
-encoding (put thoughts into
symbols)
-transmission (channel, media)
-decoding (receiver/transmitter)
-internalisation (understanding the message)

Question 4

EXPLAIN THE MACHINE-ASSISTED INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Answer 4

• source and receiver may be individual or groups or machine
• feedback immediate or delayed or impossible
• messages private or public, customisability varies and inexpensive to send
• encoding can be simple to complex (source: thoughts into symbols and machines encode messages for transmission)
• channel options restricted
• decoding similar to encoding (machines:electric energy into lights patterns and receiver: symbols into thoughts0

Question 5

EXPLAIN THE LASSWELL MODEL

Answer 5

(1) who says? communicator
(2) what do they say? message
(3) in which channel? medium
(4) to whom? receiver
(5) with what effect? effect

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION?

Answer 6

• people
• messages
• channels
• noise
• context
• effect
• feedback

Question 7

WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE ARE PART OF THE COM PROCESS?

Answer 7

senders (encode, give out messages)

receivers (decode, take in messages)

Question 8

WHAT ARE MESSAGES?

Answer 8

the content of the communication act

• can be meanings such as thoughts, feelings, perceptions
• or symbols such as words, sounds, actions
• everything a sender or receiver does or says is a potential message

Question 9

WHAT KIND OF MEDIA CHANNELS EXIST?

Answer 9

electronic and print media

Question 10

WHAT IS NOISE?

Answer 10

anything that interferes with or distorts our ability to send or receive messages

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NOISES?

Answer 11

(1) physical noise: from the environment
(2) psychological noise: internal distractions, fatigue
(3) semantic noise: language or other symbol barriers to communication

Question 12

GIVE EXAMPLES OF CONTEXT

Answer 12

digital, online, electronic context or long-distance context or music, narrative context

Question 13

WHAT IS FEEDBACK?

Answer 13

the verbal and nonverbal cues that we perceive in reaction to mass communication

• viewing rates, likes, sales increase, popularity
• positive vs negative feedback (encouraging/discouraging or reinforcing/correcting message)

Question 14

WHAT EFFECT DOES COMMUNICATION HAVE AND WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF EFFECT?

Answer 14

as people communicate they are engaged in some way by the interaction which influences what follows so communication has an effect that can be viewed as an exchange of influences
the effect can be:
-emotional (joy, anger, sadness)
-physical (argue, fight, involve, applause, become apathetic)
-cognitive (new insights, increase knowledge, reconsideration of opinions, confusion)

Question 15

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CONCENTRIC CIRLE MODEL?

Answer 15

• communicators
• codes
• gatekeepers
• mass media
• regulators
• filters
• audiences
• effects

Question 16

WHAT TYPES OF FILTERS EXIST?

Answer 16

• informational (audience doesn’t understand)
• physical (clouded mind)
• psychological (receiver’s bias, selective perception)

Question 17

EXPLAIN THE INTERNET MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Answer 17

communication

• one to one (email)
• one to many (cnn.com)
• few to few (blogs, chatrooms)
• many to many (ebay)

Question 18

WHAT IS THE MASS COMMUNICATOR’S BEST ANTIDOTE AGAINST NOISE?

Answer 18

REPETITION