Lecture 2 Flashcards
Social Determinants of Health
-What is it and name 11
• “Determinants of health are the broad range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine individual and population health”
- Income and social status
- Employment and working conditions
- Education and literacy
- Childhood experiences
- Physical environments
- Social supports and coping skills
- Healthy behaviours
- Access to health services
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Gender
- Culture
Income and Social Status
- what does it do to health status
- What does high income determine
- What are the healthiest pop.
Health status improves at each step up the income and social hierarchy
- High income determines living conditions such as safe housing and good food
- Healthiest pop. are those in societies that are prosperous and have good distribution of wealth
What is income inequality
What does the gap indicate
Gap of income in society
As gap increases the life expectancy and pop. Is not as healthy
Employment and Working conditions
- What is associated with poor health
- Which people are healthier
Physical conditions of work
-Work life balance
“Unemployment, underemployment, stressful or unsafe work are associated with poorer health”
- People who have more control over their work and less stress from their job are healthier and live longer
- Noise, pollution, level of work youre doing
Education and literacy
Level of education improves what?
Education is tied to what
Education contributes to what
Education improves peoples what
What is the triangle
Health status improves level of education
Education is tied to socioeconomic status education is key to health and prosperity for person/country
Education contributes to health and prosperity by giving knowledge, skills for problem solving, and provide sense of control of life
Education improves ability to access and understand info to keep them healthy and increases job/income security
-More education, more income, more life = better decisions
Education, Literacy and employment is a triangle
Childhood experiences
What is ACE and what are they
-when is the most impactful part of life
Adverse childhood experiences (did you move, good care, linked to mental health issues), they are determinant of health in its own right?
-Determinants effect child hood experiences
Inception to age 6 is the most impactful
-love secure attachments in the first 18 months
Physical Environments
what happens at certain levels of exposure
What does crowding cause
Where you live = ?
At certain levels of exposure, contaminants in our air, water, food and soil can cause a variety of adverse health effects, including cancer, birth defects, respiratory illness and gastrointestinal ailments
Crowding = diseases and mental health disorders
Where you live = access
-food, climate (catastrophe), exercise
Social Supports
What is associated with better health
What is social support important for
“Support from families, friends and communities is associated with better health.
SS important for helping people solve problems and deal with issues and maintaining mastery
- buffer health problems
- more social supports the less chance of random death (lack of risky behaviour and stress)
Healthy behaviours
What are they
Definitions of life style include
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills refer to those actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and promote self-care, cope with challenges, and develop self-reliance, solve problems and make choices that enhance health
-coping skills
Definitions of lifestyle include not only individual choices, but also the influence of social, economic,and environmental factors on the decisions people make about their health
Access to health services
• “Health services, particularly those designed to maintain and promote health, to prevent disease, and to restore health and function contribute to population health. The health services continuum of care includes treatment and secondary prevention”
- 25% have access
- Telehealth is a good alt.
- Robot
Biology and genetic endowment
What is a fundamental determinant of health
Genetic endowment provides what
• “The basic biology and organic make-up of the human body are a fundamental determinant of health”
• “Genetic endowment provides an inherited predisposition to a wide range of individual responses that affect health status.
-Preventive measures
Gender
Gender refers to what
Gendered norms influence
- “Gender refers to the array of society-determined roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis”
- “Gendered” norms influence the health system’s practices and priorities. Many health issues are a function of gender-based social status or roles”
- women live longer
- gender stereotypes can affect care
Culture
-
Some persons or groups may face additional health risks due to a socio-economic environment, which is largely determined by dominant cultural values that contribute to the perpetuation of conditions such as marginalization, stigmatization, loss or devaluation of language and culture and lack of access to culturally appropriate health care and services”Some persons or groups may face additional health risks due to a socio-economic environment, which is largely determined by dominant cultural values that contribute to the perpetuation of conditions such as marginalization, stigmatization, loss or devaluation of language and culture and lack of access to culturally appropriate health care and services”
MDG 8
Millennium Development goals
- No poverty and hunger
- Universal primary education
- Gender equality and empower women
- Reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- Combat hiv/aids malaria and others
- Environmental Sustainability
- Global partnership for development
SDG
17 goals
Sustainable development goals
-Rio de Janiro 2012
(Future we want, common vision of the UN)(2030 agenda)
- End poverty in all forms everywhere
- Extreme poverty = less than a 1.25
- reduce by half - End hunger, food security and sustainable agriculture
-reduce malnutrition
access
-seed/plant banks - Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all
- end mortality - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
- Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
- end violence discrimination and gender mutilation
- equal rights - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
- pollution - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
- renewable - Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
- end slavery and forced labour
- tourism and education - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster Innovation
- Reduce inequality within and among countries
-income growth
• Empower and promote inclusion - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
- safe transportation and housing
- protection - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
- reduce food waste - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
- Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
- ecosystems - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
- poaching - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
- justice
- terrorism - Strengthen the means of implementation and finalize the global partnership for sustainable development
- financial resources
- debt
