Lecture 2

Question 1

Name and define STI terms

Answer 1

Disease burden = the cost of a disease. Sexually transmitted organism = the organisms that cause STD’s to transfer. Disease risk = how contagious the disease is. Per incident = how you get the disease. Viral load = how many of the infectious disease particles are in the blood or fluid. Bacteria = have their own cell bodies. Virus = don’t have their own cell bodies. Pelvic inflammatory disease = bacteria in the fallopian tubes.

Question 2

Name some key differences between males and females in terms of STI’s

Answer 2

Women have a greater surface area of mucous membranes & therefore have more trauma. Women are more than 3 times more likely to contract chlamydia. Women with single episode of PID have 20% chronic pain, 9% ectopic pregnancy and 8% infertile. Men are more likely to contract HIV. Women are more disgust sensitive.

Question 3

Discuss herpes

Answer 3

Two types; HSV1 and HSV2. HSV1 is related to shingles, chicken pox and is commonly known as oral herpes. They are very contagious and mostly asymptomatic. Worldwide rates of HSV1 or HSV2 are 60-95%.

Question 4

Discuss HPV (Human pappilomavirus)

Answer 4

Everyone has it. About 12% of women are currently infected. There’s over 170 types, 40 sexually transmitted. Warts & cancer are results. There is now a vaccine which account for 90% of HPV related cancer. It makes the cells in the walls different making them more likely to become cancerous.

Question 5

Discuss chlamydia

Answer 5

Most people have no symptoms. Can cause PID. Cured easily with antibiotics. Very commen and affects 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men.

Question 6

Discuss gonorrhea

Answer 6

Cause by a bacteria. Half asymptomatic in women. Affects .8% of women and .6% of men. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. In the UK 196 per 100,000 males 20-24 years old.

Question 7

Discuss syphilis

Answer 7

Caused by bacterium.

Question 8

Discuss the sex researchers from the 1800’s

Answer 8

Charles Darwin; sexual selection. Richard von Krafft-Ebing; Psychopathia sexualis. Sigmund Freud; the sexual unconscious. Havelock Ellis; homosexuality, transgender, open marriage.

Question 9

Discuss naturalistic observations

Answer 9

Observing and recording behaviour in natural environment. No control - just an observer.

Question 10

Discuss sex research methods

Answer 10

Biomedical researchers use tissue cultures,animal models. Primatologists study wild & captive animals. Psychologists use lab studies, brain imaging, online surveys, content analysis. Sociologists use large surveys.

Question 11

Discuss the social challenges in sex research

Answer 11

Hard to get funding as it’s controversial. Hard to get published as it’s not considered. Hard to get tenure and it is disreputable. Misunderstood by journalists.

Question 12

Discuss the scientific challenges within sex research

Answer 12

Hard to recruit representative samples: self-selection. Responses often biased: embarrassing question. Human subjects anxieties. Theoretical stand-off between gender feminism and evolutionary naturalism.

Question 13

Discuss Kinseys findings

Answer 13

17% of farm boys had experienced sex with animals. 85% men and 48% of premarital sex and 50% of men and 40% of women had been unfaithful after marriage. 69% of men had been with prostitutes. 10% of men had been homosexual for at least three years, 4% homosexual throughout life. 5-7% of women had equal sexual experience with both sexes, 2-6% exclusively homosexual.