Lecture 2

Question 1

TRIAD OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

Answer 1

1. ) STEM CELLS
2. ) SCAFFOLD
3. ) BIOACTIVE MOLECULES

Question 2

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH

Answer 2

APPLIES FINDINGS FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO ENHANCE HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Question 3

STEM CELLS

Answer 3

CELLS THAT HAVE THE ABILITY TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO VARIOUS TYPES OF CELLS

Question 4

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF STEM CELLS

Answer 4

1. ) SELF-RENEWAL
2. ) CLONOGENICITY - INDEPENDENT PROLIFERATION ABILITIES TO FORM COLONIES
3. ) MULTIPOTENCY - THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP INTO ANY SORT OF TISSUE/SPECIALIZED CELL

Question 5

TYPES OF STEM CELLS

Answer 5

1. ) EMBRYONIC
2. ) ADULT
   * MOST RELATED TO PULP REGENERATION = IPAPs AND SCAPs

Question 6

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

Answer 6

ORIGINATE FROM THE INNER CELL MASS W/IN A BLASTOCYTE
CAN BE CULTURED AND GUIDED TO FORM MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS
**A LOT OF ETHICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING THIS

Question 7

ADULT STEM CELLS

Answer 7

EXTRACTED FROM MATURE BONE MARROW

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL, LYMPHOID PROGENITOR CELL, MYLOID PROGENITOR CELL, MUSCLE STEM CELL, STROMAL STEM CELL

Question 8

DIFFERENTIATION CAPABILITIES

Answer 8

TOTIPOTENT - CAN DEVELOP INTO ANY TYPE OF CELL IN THE HUMAN BODY (1-3 DAYS)
PLURIPOTENT - CAN DIFFERENTIATE INTO ANY ONE OF THE 3 GERM LAYERS (3-5 DAYS)
MULTIPOTENT - CELLS HAVE ALREADY DIFFERENTIATED INTO ONE OF THE THREE GERM LAYERS BUT CAN STILL FORM A LIMITED NUMBER OF OTHER TISSUES W/IN THAT DIVISION

Question 9

GROWTH FACTORS

Answer 9

TRANSDUCE SIGNALS FOR GROWTH, SURVIVAL, MOTILITY, AND DIFFERENTIATION
COME FROM DENTINAL MATRIX
INDUCE STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION

Question 10

SCAFFOLD

Answer 10

POROUS, SYNTHETIC, ABSORBABLE OR NATURAL FIBERS THAT SERVE AS A FRAMEWORK, DELIVERY VEHICLE, MATRIX OR BARRIER FOR REGENERATION

• MATCH TISSUE REGENERATION TIME W/ SCAFFOLD DEGENERATION TIME
• SCAFFOLD SHOULD HAVE ABILITY TO ACTIVELY RECRUIT REGENERATIVE CELL TYPES TO THE AREA
• *STEM CELLS FROM BLOOD CLOT THAT FORM UPON INDUCED BLEEDING IN THE PULPAL CANAL

Question 11

IMPORTANT SCAFFOLD CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 11

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDING STRENGTH AND STABILITY, ELASTICITY AND STIFFNESS
TISSUE COMPATIBILITY
BIOACTIVITY
DEGRADABILITY

Question 12

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCAFFOLD MATERIALS

Answer 12

1.) NATURAL POLYMERS - CELLULOSE, ALGINATE, COLLAGEN
2.) SYNTHETIC POLYMERS - SELF-ASSEMBLING PROTEIN OR POLYCARBONATES
3.) HYDROGELS - CHEMICALLY/PHYSICALLY CROSS-LINKED
ANYTHING AMORPHOUS, SEMI-CRYSTALLINE, CRYSTALLINE
4.) BIOCERAMICS - BIOINERT, ABSORBABLE, BIOACTIVE (CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, BIOACTIVE GLASSES, GLASS CERAMICS)
**HAVE BOTH SMALL AND LARGE CHANNELS - SMALL = TOWARDS DENTIN, LARGE = TOWARDS PULP (THIS CONTROLS SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF GROWTH FACTOR)

Question 13

DEMINERALIZATION VS. DECELLULARIZATION

Answer 13

DEMINERALIZATION) ONLY COLLAGEN REMAINING

DECELLULARIZATION) ONLY ECM REMAINING (IDEAL) W/ INJECTION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Question 14

CONTROL OF GROWTH FACTOR

Answer 14

1. ) SPATIAL - ONLY WANT INSIDE PULP AND NOT ON PERIPHERY (CAN 3D PRINT A SCAFFOLD)
2. ) TEMPORAL - USE OF NANOPARTICLES TO ENCAPSULATE GROWTH FACTOR AND AS THEY SLOWLY DEGRADE GROWTH FACTOR IS RELEASED
3. ) DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROWTH FACTOR YIELD DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROWTH

Question 15

REGENERATIVE ENDODONTICS CASE SELECTION CRITERIA

Answer 15

1. ) IMMATURE, NECROTIC PERMANENT TOOTH W/ AN OPEN APEX

2. ) PATIENT 7-10 YR OLD

Question 16

DENTIN REGENERATION

Answer 16

SUPPORTED BY ODONTOBLASTS

Question 17

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS

Answer 17

STEM CELLS THAT GIVE RISE TO BLOOD, COME FROM MESODERM IN THE BONE MARROW

Question 18

NOBEL PRIZE IN MEDICINE

Answer 18

FOR THE DISCOVERY THAT MATURE CELLS CAN BE REPROGRAMED TO BECOME PLURIPOTENT - SHINYA YAMANAKA AND JOHN B. GURDON

Question 19

FIBROBLASTS BECOME STEM CELLS VIA REPROGRAMMING BY…

Answer 19

SOX-2, C-MYC, OCT4

Question 20

NGF

Answer 20

GROWTH FACTOR W/IN DENTINAL TUBULES THAT STIMULATES DENTINOGENESIS