LECTURE 2 Flashcards
The branch of biology dealing with the relations interactions between organisms and their environment
(physical and biological), including other organisms.
Ecology
in ecology, Biological Environment refers to what factors?
Biotic factors
in ecology, Physical Environment refers to what factors?
Abiotic factors
Ecology comes from what greek words?
Oikos - house / environment
Logos - study of
study of environment
organisms of a species maintain uniformity through?
having a common gene pool
non genetic variations of organisms that allows them to adapt to their environment. changes in somatic characteristics are induced by the environment.
ecads
genetic variations of organisms that occur overtime (evolution) to increase their survivability.
ecotypes
each population occupies a _______ of the habitat
specific volume
refers to the role and position an organism has in its environment, including all the interactions it has with biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
ecological niche
ecological niche can be? _____, ______, and ______.
positive, negative and neutral
Three classifications of ecology
- Based on study area
- Based on environment or habitat
- Based on advancement in the field of ecology
It deals with the study of an individual species of organisms and its population. It is also called the Species ecology. what classification?
Autecology, based on study area
It deals with the study of group of organisms or species which are associated together as a unit. what classification?
Synecology, based on study area
A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms in the water. what classification?
Aquatic ecology, based on environment or habitat
Types of aquatic ecology?
Marine water and Freshwater ecology
A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms on land. what classification?
Terrestrial ecology, based on environment or habitat
Types of freshwater ecology?
Lotic (running water) and lentic (standing water)
Types of terrestrial ecology?
Grassland, Forest, Desert Ecology
Types of ecology based on advancement in the field of ecology?
a) Productive ecology
b) Population ecology
c) Community ecology
d) Ecosystem ecology
e) Microbial ecology
f) Radiation ecology
g) Pollution ecology
h) Space ecology
Proud Pop C EM RaP Spasm
the system resulting from the interaction of all the living and nonliving factors of the Environment
Ecosystem
Types of Ecosystems
Natural and Artificial Ecosystems
Types of Natural ecosystems?
Terrestrial and Aquatic
types of aquatic ecosystems
Marine water (ocean, seas, estuary)
and
Freshwater. Lentic and Lotic.
types of terrestrial ecosystems
grassland, forest, desert
Ecosystems that are maintained artificially by man where
by addition of energy and planned
manipulation, natural balance is
disturbed regularly
Artificial or Man Engineered or Man made Ecosystems
Main factors in an Ecosystem?
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
abiotic factors in an ecosystem
climatic and edaphic factors
what are climatic factors?
rain, light, wind, temperature
what are edaphic factors
soil, ph, minerals, topography
biotic factors in an ecosystem
producers, consumers, decomposers
other term for producer, consumer and decomposers?
autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs
how many levels of consumers are there? what are they?
4 levels
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
quaternary consumers are ______ because they have no natural predators
apex predators
these consumers are herbivores
primary consumers
they eat herbivores
secondary consumers
what are the levels of organization in the ecosystem?
individual
population
community
ecosystem
Group of living things of the same kind that share the same habitat
population
It is made of all populations that live in
an area
community
It is formed by many communities
ecosystem
The fundamental idea behind the study of ecology is that _______________. They interact with one another and the physical environment.
all organisms are interdependent
Basic requirements for
survival includes?
food
water
shelter
An important aspect of
the struggle for survival
involves ______________.
competition for limited resources
such as
– Food– Water – Shelter– Sunlight
factors that affect the population
size of a species in a
specific environment.
Limiting factors
Predators are _________. They control population size by feeding on prey.
Biotic limiting factor
When all the limiting factors
are considered together
we can determine the
maximum number of
organisms that can survive
in an area. This is called?
Carrying Capacity
___________ is the main energy source for life on earth
sunlight
they use light or chemical energy to make food
producers
plant - light energy
bacteria - chemical energy
both are autotrophs
use light energy carbon dioxide and water into oxygen to convert and
carbohydrates
photosynthesis
_CO2 + _H2O = _O2 + _C6H12O6
6-6-6-1
performed by bacteria chemical energy, use to produce carbohydrates
chemosynthesis
series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food chain
network of food chains within an ecosystem
food web
Diagram that shows the relative amount of energy contained within each trophic level or organisms of a food chain or web
Broader term that can represent energy, biomass, or number of organisms in different trophic levels.
Ecological pyramids
shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic
level
Energy pyramid
only ________ of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level. this is called? the reason for this is?
10%
rule of 10
the energy gained by organisms are utilized for life processes and some are released as heat during these processes
represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level
biomass pyramid
involves both the place organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat
.
ecological niche
