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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE > LECTURE 2 > Flashcards

LECTURE 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The branch of biology dealing with the relations interactions between organisms and their environment
(physical and biological), including other organisms.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

in ecology, Biological Environment refers to what factors?

A

Biotic factors

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3
Q

in ecology, Physical Environment refers to what factors?

A

Abiotic factors

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4
Q

Ecology comes from what greek words?

A

Oikos - house / environment
Logos - study of

study of environment

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5
Q

organisms of a species maintain uniformity through?

A

having a common gene pool

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6
Q

non genetic variations of organisms that allows them to adapt to their environment. changes in somatic characteristics are induced by the environment.

A

ecads

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7
Q

genetic variations of organisms that occur overtime (evolution) to increase their survivability.

A

ecotypes

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8
Q

each population occupies a _______ of the habitat

A

specific volume

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9
Q

refers to the role and position an organism has in its environment, including all the interactions it has with biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors

A

ecological niche

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10
Q

ecological niche can be? _____, ______, and ______.

A

positive, negative and neutral

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11
Q

Three classifications of ecology

A
  1. Based on study area
  2. Based on environment or habitat
  3. Based on advancement in the field of ecology
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12
Q

It deals with the study of an individual species of organisms and its population. It is also called the Species ecology. what classification?

A

Autecology, based on study area

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13
Q

It deals with the study of group of organisms or species which are associated together as a unit. what classification?

A

Synecology, based on study area

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14
Q

A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms in the water. what classification?

A

Aquatic ecology, based on environment or habitat

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15
Q

Types of aquatic ecology?

A

Marine water and Freshwater ecology

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16
Q

A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms on land. what classification?

A

Terrestrial ecology, based on environment or habitat

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17
Q

Types of freshwater ecology?

A

Lotic (running water) and lentic (standing water)

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18
Q

Types of terrestrial ecology?

A

Grassland, Forest, Desert Ecology

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19
Q

Types of ecology based on advancement in the field of ecology?

A

a) Productive ecology
b) Population ecology
c) Community ecology
d) Ecosystem ecology
e) Microbial ecology
f) Radiation ecology
g) Pollution ecology
h) Space ecology

Proud Pop C EM RaP Spasm

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20
Q

the system resulting from the interaction of all the living and nonliving factors of the Environment

A

Ecosystem

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21
Q

Types of Ecosystems

A

Natural and Artificial Ecosystems

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22
Q

Types of Natural ecosystems?

A

Terrestrial and Aquatic

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23
Q

types of aquatic ecosystems

A

Marine water (ocean, seas, estuary)

and

Freshwater. Lentic and Lotic.

24
Q

types of terrestrial ecosystems

A

grassland, forest, desert

25
Q

Ecosystems that are maintained artificially by man where
by addition of energy and planned
manipulation, natural balance is
disturbed regularly

A

Artificial or Man Engineered or Man made Ecosystems

26
Q

Main factors in an Ecosystem?

A

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

27
Q

abiotic factors in an ecosystem

A

climatic and edaphic factors

28
Q

what are climatic factors?

A

rain, light, wind, temperature

29
Q

what are edaphic factors

A

soil, ph, minerals, topography

30
Q

biotic factors in an ecosystem

A

producers, consumers, decomposers

31
Q

other term for producer, consumer and decomposers?

A

autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs

32
Q

how many levels of consumers are there? what are they?

A

4 levels

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

33
Q

quaternary consumers are ______ because they have no natural predators

A

apex predators

34
Q

these consumers are herbivores

A

primary consumers

35
Q

they eat herbivores

A

secondary consumers

36
Q

what are the levels of organization in the ecosystem?

A

individual
population
community
ecosystem

37
Q

Group of living things of the same kind that share the same habitat

A

population

38
Q

It is made of all populations that live in
an area

A

community

39
Q

It is formed by many communities

A

ecosystem

40
Q

The fundamental idea behind the study of ecology is that _______________. They interact with one another and the physical environment.

A

all organisms are interdependent

41
Q

Basic requirements for
survival includes?

A

food
water
shelter

42
Q

An important aspect of
the struggle for survival
involves ______________.

A

competition for limited resources

such as
– Food– Water – Shelter– Sunlight

43
Q

factors that affect the population
size of a species in a
specific environment.

A

Limiting factors

44
Q

Predators are _________. They control population size by feeding on prey.

A

Biotic limiting factor

45
Q

When all the limiting factors
are considered together
we can determine the
maximum number of
organisms that can survive
in an area. This is called?

A

Carrying Capacity

46
Q

___________ is the main energy source for life on earth

A

sunlight

47
Q

they use light or chemical energy to make food

A

producers

plant - light energy
bacteria - chemical energy

both are autotrophs

48
Q

use light energy carbon dioxide and water into oxygen to convert and
carbohydrates

A

photosynthesis

49
Q

_CO2 + _H2O = _O2 + _C6H12O6

A

6-6-6-1

50
Q

performed by bacteria chemical energy, use to produce carbohydrates

A

chemosynthesis

51
Q

series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

A

food chain

52
Q

network of food chains within an ecosystem

A

food web

53
Q

Diagram that shows the relative amount of energy contained within each trophic level or organisms of a food chain or web

Broader term that can represent energy, biomass, or number of organisms in different trophic levels.

A

Ecological pyramids

54
Q

shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic
level

A

Energy pyramid

55
Q

only ________ of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level. this is called? the reason for this is?

A

10%
rule of 10

the energy gained by organisms are utilized for life processes and some are released as heat during these processes

56
Q

represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level

A

biomass pyramid

57
Q

involves both the place organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat
.

A

ecological niche

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (6 decks)

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