Lecture 2

Question 1

William Paley’s Argument from Design

Answer 1

Biological organisms that have an apparent design were made by a Creator, while those that don’t have no function

Question 2

Lamarckism

Answer 2

Inheritance of acquired characteristics; constant spontaneous generation of the simplest form growing more and more complex over time

Question 3

Weismann’s Germplasm Theory

Answer 3

• Inheritance only by germ cells (gametes), not somatic cells
• Disproved Lamarckism

Question 4

Darwin and Wallace’s DIscovery

Answer 4

Chief mechanism of evolution: natural selection

Question 5

Darwin and Wallace’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 5

1. All organisms have common ancestor, changed over time
2. Natural selection leads to evolution

Question 6

Lyell and Uniformitarianism

Answer 6

• Influenced Darwin
• Forces and processes that shape the Earth’s surface are uniform through time
• Implied to Darwin of a dynamic not static world, and that changes build up gradually, not special things that only transpired in the past

Question 7

Thomas Malthus

Answer 7

Organisms produce more offspring than the amount of resources available to support all

Question 8

Darwin’s Mechanism of Natural Selection

Answer 8

• Individual variation in a population
• Progeny resemble their parents more than unrelated individuals
• Some forms are more fit (succesful at surviving and reproducing) than others in different environments

Question 9

Natural selection is x in y

Answer 9

Heritable variation in fitness

Question 10

Evolution occurs primarily at the level of x

Answer 10

Populations

Question 11

Evolution works with x variation, and will not necessarily achieve y

Answer 11

Available, perfection