Lecture 1

Question 1

The theory of evolution is the _ _ concept of biology

Answer 1

Central unifying

Question 2

Two Core Tenets of Evolution

Answer 2

1. Living things change over time
2. Adaptations arise through natural selection

Question 3

Theory evolution challenges

Answer 3

Spontatanous generation: direct creation of all living things in effectively their present form

Question 4

Organisms on Earth have _ through time

Answer 4

Changed

Question 5

The changes organisms undergo through time are _ not _

Answer 5

Gradual, spontaneous

Question 6

Lineages are split by _, resulting in the generation of _

Answer 6

Speciation, biodiversity

Question 7

All species have a common _

Answer 7

Ancestor

Question 8

Adaptations result from _

Answer 8

Natural selection

Question 9

Natural selection is the most _ form of change but not the _ one

Answer 9

Predominant, only

Question 10

_ and _ are products of evolution

Answer 10

Biodiversity, adaptation

Question 11

Definition of biodiversity

Answer 11

Diversity of life on Earth; number and kinds of living organisms in a given area

Question 12

Definition of Adaptation, the state

Answer 12

Any trait that makes an organism better able to survive or reproduce ina given environment

Question 13

Definition of adapt, the verb

Answer 13

The evolutionary process that leads to the origin and maintenance of such traits (adaptations)

Question 14

Definition of microevolution

Answer 14

Evolutionary patterns and processes observed within species

Question 15

Definition of macroevolution

Answer 15

Evolutionary patterns and processes observed among species

Question 16

Relationship between evolutionary mechanisms and history

Answer 16

Evolutionary history is a product of mechanisms

Question 17

Components of a cladogram
1. Clade
2. Lines at the end of the tree
3. Lines shorter than the rest of the lines at the end
4. Branching point/node
5. Outgroup
6. Derived characteristic

Answer 17

1. A common ancestor and all of its decscendants
2. Species
3. Extinct species
4. Represents speciation event
5. Most different species from the others
6. Min. one needed to separate each branch from the others: all species after that point have that trait

Question 18

Rotations of branches on cladogram _ the information

Answer 18

Retains

Question 19

5 reasons of evolution’s relevance

Answer 19

Children’s questions, medicine, agriculture, environment, understanding life on earth