Lecture 1 Flashcards
The theory of evolution is the _ _ concept of biology
Central unifying
Two Core Tenets of Evolution
- Living things change over time
- Adaptations arise through natural selection
Theory evolution challenges
Spontatanous generation: direct creation of all living things in effectively their present form
Organisms on Earth have _ through time
Changed
The changes organisms undergo through time are _ not _
Gradual, spontaneous
Lineages are split by _, resulting in the generation of _
Speciation, biodiversity
All species have a common _
Ancestor
Adaptations result from _
Natural selection
Natural selection is the most _ form of change but not the _ one
Predominant, only
_ and _ are products of evolution
Biodiversity, adaptation
Definition of biodiversity
Diversity of life on Earth; number and kinds of living organisms in a given area
Definition of Adaptation, the state
Any trait that makes an organism better able to survive or reproduce ina given environment
Definition of adapt, the verb
The evolutionary process that leads to the origin and maintenance of such traits (adaptations)
Definition of microevolution
Evolutionary patterns and processes observed within species
Definition of macroevolution
Evolutionary patterns and processes observed among species
Relationship between evolutionary mechanisms and history
Evolutionary history is a product of mechanisms
Components of a cladogram
1. Clade
2. Lines at the end of the tree
3. Lines shorter than the rest of the lines at the end
4. Branching point/node
5. Outgroup
6. Derived characteristic
- A common ancestor and all of its decscendants
- Species
- Extinct species
- Represents speciation event
- Most different species from the others
- Min. one needed to separate each branch from the others: all species after that point have that trait
Rotations of branches on cladogram _ the information
Retains
5 reasons of evolution’s relevance
Children’s questions, medicine, agriculture, environment, understanding life on earth
