lecture 2

Question 1

the art of effective and persuasive speaking or
writing

Answer 1

Rhetoric –

Question 2

Deliberate use of language to effect change in thoughts,
feelings, and actions.

Answer 2

rhetoric

Question 3

According to Bitzer (1968), it is the situation which calls the
rhetorical discourse into existence.

Answer 3

Rhetorical Situation

Question 4

“Prerequisite” to a rhetorical discourse.

Answer 4

Rhetorical Situation

Question 5

refers to background information that is necessary to
understand historical and/or situational circumstances of the
person, event, and/or idea.

Answer 5

context

Question 6

Any time anyone is trying to make an argument, one is doing so out
of a particular context.

Answer 6

rhetorical situation

Question 7

Problem addressed by
rhetorical discourse.

Answer 7

exigence

Question 8

An imperfection, defect,
obstacle, unaccomplished
tasks, or something that is
other than it should be

Answer 8

exigence

Question 9

People or individuals
whose thoughts and
behaviors can be
influenced by a Rhetorical
Discourse

Answer 9

audience

Question 10

• Mediators of change

Answer 10

audience

Question 11

People, events, objects,
and relations that have
the power to influence the
decisions and actions of
the audience to
modify the exigence

Answer 11

CONSTRAINTS

Question 12

These can include –
beliefs, attitudes,
documents, facts,
traditions, images,
interests, motives, etc

Answer 12

constraints

Question 13

When can an exigence be considered not
rhetorical?

Answer 13

1. If it cannot be modified;
2. If it can be modified ONLY by means other than discourse;
3. When its modification requires merely one’s own action or
   the application of a tool, but NEITHER REQUIRES NOR
   INVITES the assistance of discourse.

Question 14

When can an exigence be considered
rhetorical?

Answer 14

1. Capable of positive modification; and
2. When positive modification requires discourse or can be
   assisted by discourse.

Question 15

Does the Rhetorical Situation require an audience all the time?

Answer 15

NO, a rhetorical situation does not require an audience of all
the time.

Question 16

Condor et al. (2013) – mostly concerned with strategies
used in constructing persuasive messages in debates and
disputes

Answer 16

Political Rhetoric

Question 17

facilitates the making and hearing of representation claims spanning subjects and
audiences .

Answer 17

rhetoric

Question 18

requires a deliberative
system with multiple components whose linkage
often needs rhetoric.” (Dryzek, 2010)

Answer 18

democracy

Question 19

the character projected by the
speaker

Answer 19

ethos

Question 20

Aristotle argued that audiences could be swayed not only by the style and
content of an argument, but also the

Answer 20

character projected by the
speaker (ethos)

Question 21

According to Aristotle, [blank] is the capacity of discovering in any particular case the
available means of persuasion.

Answer 21

rhetoric

Question 22

The responsibility of bringing this discourse into existence
rests on the

Answer 22

rhetor

Question 23

functions to produce change within a situation
through the use of discourse.

Answer 23

rhetoric

Question 24

These constraints can generally be classified into two:

Answer 24

(1) those originated
or managed by the speaker; and (2) other constraints arising out of the situation.

Question 25

has been used to expose ineffective policies and advance
necessary changes in democratic societies.

Answer 25

rhetoric

Question 26

required loud voices
and formal gestures in order to be effective.

Answer 26

political oratory

Question 27

three means of persuasion by Aristotle

Answer 27

ethos or ethical appeal

pathos or emotional appeal

logos or logical appeal

Question 28

ethos

Answer 28

ethical appeal

Question 29

pathos

Answer 29

emotional appeal

Question 30

logos

Answer 30

logical appeal

Question 31

the attitude of a perceiver toward a source of information at a given time.

Answer 31

ethos

Question 32

it is an
audience member’s evaluation of the speaker’s character.

Answer 32

ethos

Question 33

ethos is based on the

Answer 33

perceiver not the source

Question 34

what is tthe aim of ethos

Answer 34

to show sincerity and the trustworthiness of the speaker

Question 35

often deal with audience members who subscribe to a wide range of
beliefs.

Answer 35

political communicators

Question 36

“single rhetorical identity

Answer 36

a group bound by an overarching characteristic.

Question 37

three requirements must be met in order to be an effective political leader

Answer 37

1) diverse communities must be regrouped into a single identity category.

2) the leader’s
propositions must fulfill the needs of this category.

3) the leader must present him/
herself as a prototypical in-group member

Question 38

political sphere is invariably tied with

Answer 38

rhetorical discourse

Question 39

The persuasive quality of a piece of information is also affected by

Answer 39

reach

Question 40

refers to the number of people who can access the information at
any given time

Answer 40

multiplicity

Question 41

encourages an oral and casual style

Answer 41

speed

Question 42

encourages redundant and repetitive postings

Answer 42

speed

Question 43

permits communicattion among multiple particiapants in an array of media and thus the development of communities of interest on a global scale

Answer 43

reach

Question 44

it does not include the benefits of gatekeeping

Answer 44

reach

Question 45

encourages experiments in self and gender identities

Answer 45

anonymity

Question 46

the hostile expression of strong emotions

Answer 46

anonymity

Question 47

permits closer access to other people with increased opportunities for discussion and feedback

Answer 47

interactivity

Question 48

permits increased opportunities for intrusion upon personal privacy

Answer 48

interactivity