Lecture 2

Question 1

The cell consists of two distinct area in which living cells are in constant motion

Answer 1

1. Cytoplasm - the major portion of the protoplasmic substance
2. Nucleus - dark staining body within the cytoplasm

Question 2

There is no nuclear membrane (and organelles) that separates the nuclear material from the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

Prokaryotes

Question 3

There is a nuclear membrane (and organelles) that separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm.

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

The Cell Cycle has two phases which are?

Answer 4

Interphase and Division Phase

Question 5

Two types of Cell Division?

Answer 5

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 6

Chromosome consists of?

Answer 6

• chain of nucleosomes (nucleosomes + DNA)
• chromatin fiber

Question 7

Nucleosome core has two each of?

Answer 7

H2A, H2B, H3, H4

Question 8

Parts of Chromosome?

Answer 8

1. Centromere
2. Chromosome Arms
3. Telomere
4. Sister Chromatid

Question 9

It isa a folded chromatic fiber, carrier of genes, and protein scaffold

Answer 9

Chromosome

Question 10

the primary director of cellular activity and inheritance

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

The nuclear content consists of a dark network or?

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

Dark network during cell division becomes distinct bodies or?

Answer 12

Chromosomes

Question 13

One or more spherical bodies that may be found attached to specific chromosome regions

Answer 13

Nucleoli

Question 14

a permanent well-defined region of chromosomes where kinetochore proteins attach to

Answer 14

centromere

Question 15

bind the kinetochore

Answer 15

spindle fibres

Question 16

centromere is located at the middle (median)

Answer 16

metacentric

Question 17

centromere is located at the close to the middle (submedian)

Answer 17

submetacentric

Question 18

centromere is located near one end (subterminal)

Answer 18

acrocentric

Question 19

centromere is located at the end of the chromosome (terminal)

Answer 19

telocentric

Question 20

more than one constriction may be observed in some chromosomes.

Answer 20

Secondary Chromosomes

Question 21

The pinching off of a small chromosomal section form what?

Answer 21

Satellite

Question 22

The smaller “beads on the string: are called?

Answer 22

chromomeres

Question 23

The larger “Beads on the string: are called?

Answer 23

knobs

Question 24

complete set of genes/chromosomes coming from male or female parent, basic chromosome number (X=n)

Answer 24

Genome

Question 25

Somatic chromosome no.

Answer 25

Diploid (2n)

Question 26

Gametic chromosome no.

Answer 26

Haploid (n)

Question 27

equational division, results in two identical cells

Answer 27

Mitosis

Question 28

Stage of Mitosis where **chromosomes are visibly composed of sister chromatids**. This is also where the chromosomes shorten and thicken and the nucleus diminishes in size

Answer 28

Prophase

Question 29

Stage of Mitosis where **chromosomes align at the equatorial plane?**. This is also where **the nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fiber appears.**

Answer 29

Metaphase

Question 30

Stage of Mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

Stage of Mitosis where chromosomes regrouped at the poles. After cytokinesis, two cells are formed.

Answer 31

Telophase

Question 32

Reductional division, results in haploid cells that are distinct.

Answer 32

Meiosis

Question 33

It is the first and longest phase in the cell cycle. The cell increases in volume by imbibing water and nutrients and building new protoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles.

Answer 33

G-1 Phase

Question 34

At this period, DNA replication/synthesis occur

Answer 34

S Phase

Question 35

This period is characterized by the synthesis of RNA and proteins necessary for chromosome synthesis and for mitotic spindle.

Answer 35

G-2 Phase

Question 36

During this period, structural changes of chromosomes are visible.

Answer 36

M Phase

Question 37

Prophase I consist of 5 substages:

Answer 37

Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakinesis

Question 38

A substage in Prophase: the thin thread stage

Answer 38

Leptotene

Question 39

A substage in Prophase: homologous pairing stage. Formation of bivalents (II) and chiasmata hold II together.

Answer 39

Zygotene

Question 40

A substage in Prophase: Crossing-over stage, formation of chiasma, leads to genetic recombination.

Answer 40

Pachytene

Question 41

A substage in Prophase: II separation starting at the centromere. Terminalization of chiasmata

Answer 41

Diplotene

Question 42

A substage in Prophase I: II are evenly distributed. Best stage to establish the chromosome number

Answer 42

Diakinesis

Question 43

alignment of II at the equatorial plane

Answer 43

Metaphase I

Question 44

separation of II into univalent (I) and accounts for reductional division

Answer 44

Anaphase I

Question 45

chromosomes re-grouped at the opposite poles. Two haploid cells formed

Answer 45

Telophase I

Question 46

a phase in Meiosis where separation of sister chromatids occur

Answer 46

Anaphase II

Question 47

Phase where four haploid cells are formed

Answer 47

Telophase II

Question 48

complete set of chromosomes

Answer 48

genome

Question 49

a cross between homozygous individuals that are different from each other at one gene locus

Answer 49

Monohybrid cross

Question 50

a cross between two homozygous individuals that are different from each other at two gene locus

Answer 50

Dihybrid cross