Lecture 1

Question 1

branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

what is the meaning of the greek word “Gen”?

Answer 2

to become or grow into something

Question 3

Who coined the term Genetics?

Answer 3

William Bateson

Question 4

Transmission of traits from parent to offspring

Answer 4

Heredity

Question 5

Similarity of parents and offspring

Answer 5

Heredity

Question 6

Difference between parents and offspring, among individuals in the population

Answer 6

Variation

Question 7

Principal determinants of life processes

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

What are the three interralated fields in genetics?

Answer 8

Transmission Genetics, Molecular Genetics, and Population Genetics

Question 9

a.k.a “Classical Genetics” which encompasses the basic principles of genetics

Answer 9

Transmission Genetics

Question 10

carrier of genes

Answer 10

Chromosomes

Question 11

Number of total chromosomes in humans?

Answer 11

46 chromosomes

Question 12

The type of genetics that studies the chemical nature of gene. How genetic information is replicated, encoded, and translated

Answer 12

Molecular Genetics

Question 13

Type of genetics that studies the genetic composition of groups of individuals of the same species

Answer 13

Population Genetics

Question 14

Type of genetics that studies how the composition changes overtime. Study of evolution.

Answer 14

Population Genetics

Question 15

What are the 8 branches of genetics?

Answer 15

1. Molecular Genetics
2. Cytogenetics
3. Developmental Genetics
4. Evolutionary Genetics
5. Biochemical Genetics
6. Behaviorial Genetics
7. Population Genetics
8. Quantitative Genetics

Question 16

Branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at the molecular level

Answer 16

Molecular Genetics

Question 17

Branch of genetics that studies the behavior of chromosomes

Answer 17

Cytogenetics

Question 18

Branch of genetics that studies the gene regulation during development. Growth and development of an organism.

Answer 18

Developmental Genetics

Question 19

Branch of genetics that studies the genetic change within and between genetics. Studies how genetic variation leads to speciation and adaptation.

Answer 19

Evolutionary Genetics

Question 20

Branch of genetics that studies the role of enzymes/proteins

Answer 20

Biochemical Genetics

Question 21

Branch of genetics that studies the behavioral traits that are inherited. Studies how heredity and environmental influences behavior

Answer 21

Behavioral Genetics

Question 22

Branch of genetics that studies the fate/changes of genes in the population, factors affecting gene and allele frequencies.

Answer 22

Population Genetics

Question 23

Branches of genetics that studies the role of genetic and environmental factors. Inheritance and expression of quantitative traits.

Answer 23

Quantitative Genetics

Question 24

Before Gregor Mendel, is it true that Heredity is known as “a blending process?”

Answer 24

Yes. It is said that offspring are intermediate between parents

Question 25

At what age or era did the attention was given to: reproduction and heredity

Answer 25

Golden Age of Greek Culture

Question 26

Who discovered the Theory of Pangenesis?

Answer 26

Hippocrates, Aristotle, Darwin

Question 27

Theory that states **all structures and organs of the body contribute copies of themselves to sex cells**

Answer 27

Theory of Pangenesis

Question 28

Who discovered the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 28

Jean Baptiste de Lemark

Question 29

Germplasm Theory was created by?

Answer 29

August Weismann

Question 30

Who discovered the Uniformity in F1 and Variations in F2?

Answer 30

Kolreuter, Gartner, Naudin, and Darwin

Question 31

According to Mendel, what are the two important principles of genetics?

Answer 31

1. Principle of Segregation 2. Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 32

They duplicated Mendel’s experiment on other plants

Answer 32

Carl Correns, Erick von Tschermak, and Hugo de Vries

Question 33

They observed Mendel’s principles in animals

Answer 33

WIlliam Bateson, Edith Saunders, Lucien Cuenot

Question 34

They discovered the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Answer 34

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

Question 35

They discovered association between specific gene and chromosome. Gene mapping

Answer 35

Thomas Hunt Morgan and Calvin Bridges

Question 36

Father of Genetics

Answer 36

Gregor Mendel

Question 37

This theory states that as an organism adapts to its environment, modifications to the organism will arise.

Answer 37

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Question 38

This theory proposes that units of inheritance are passed from parents to offsprings.

Answer 38

Theory of Pangenesis

Question 39

This theory illustrates how gametes but not somatic cells, function as agents of heredity

Answer 39

Germplasm Theory

Question 40

Scientists who identified DNA as a genetic/heredatary material

Answer 40

Avery, MacLeod, McCart

Question 41

Scientists who discovered the elucidation of the molecular structure of the DNA. DNA Double Helix

Answer 41

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 42

What are the different application of genetics?

Answer 42

1. Microbial, plant and animal improvement For ex. GMO, Recombinant DNA Technology: Humulin (Medicine for Diabetes) 2. Medicine For ex. Newborn screening, Gene Therapy 3. Genetic Counseling For ex. Counseling for patients, Pedigree Analysis, Eugenic 4. Legal Application For ex. solved problems of disputed parentage, settling child support, estate claims or baby mix up. Fingerprint