Lecture 2 Flashcards
what is the function of glandular epithelial tissue
synthesis and secretion of glandular products
most glandular epithelium have a surface epithelium
what is a gland
a single or a group of epithelial cells that secrete
what is secretion
a process where substances are discharged from a cell or gland
cells that do the discharging are called secretory cells
what is excretion
how secreted substances are released and removed from the gland
what is glandular epithelium
they are invaginations (like dips look like pitcher plant) of the surface epithelial tissue that form glands
help in secretion and excretion
divided into exocrine (with ducts)
endocrine (without ducts) -right into blood stream
they are formed by downward growth of cells into the connective tissue
Exocrine gland
structure of ducts
structure of the secretory component
secretion method
only exocrine glands have a duct system - simple unbranched and compound branched
their secretory components are coiled/branched: acinar/alveolar, tubular, tubuloacinar
and the secretion methods are apocrine, merocrine and holocrine
Endocrine gland
structure of the secretory component
secretion method
they only have secretory components :
clumped and cord
follicular
how do exocrine glands work
they release SECRETIONS onto the surface epithelium via a duct or duct system
types of secretions are mucus, serous, sweat, and lipid
how do endocrine glands work
they release secretions directly into the blood stream of the extracellular fluid affecting cells near them or throughout the whole body
THEY HAVE NO DUCTS
secretion types are hormones, steroids and proteins
pancreas (both endo and exorine), parotid gland, thyroid
what is apocrine
it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
the secretions are released intact vesicle along with a little cytoplasm from the apical surface of the cells
mammary glands, some sweat glands
what is merocrine
it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
also known as Eccrine
when secretions are released by exocytosis from membrane bound vesicles in a way that cell membrane are not damaged
examples salivary glands
what is holocrine
it is a secretion method used by exocrine glands
when secretions are released with the epithelial cell
sebaceous glands in the skin
what are the two components of exocrine glands and what are they composed of
secretory portion composed of uni/multicellular glands
excretory duct
what are unicellular glands
found in exocrine glands
they are INDIVIDUAL cells that secrete product
they do NOT have ducts
associated with columnar cells with goblet cells
goblet cells secret mucin to create the mucous layer in respiratory system and intestine
what are multicellular cells
found in exocrine glands
MANY (MULTI) cells that secrete
HAVE DUCTS OR DUCT SYSTEM that can be simple to compound
the shape can be acinar/alveolar (like a pitcher plant)
or tubular (like a tube)
arranged as coiled or branched
what is simple acinar
SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
it is on the inside pocket of the surface epithelium - the neck of the pitcher plant
it is lined by secretory cells
the structure of the excretory duct is simple
the structure of the secretory unit is acinar
therefore the morphological description is simple acinar
found in penile urethra
what is simple branched acinar
SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
it is a branched aninus that empties into a single duct - hair shaft
structure of excretory duct - simple
structure of secreotry unity - branched acinar
therefore morph is simple acinar
the cells that make up the acinar units are polygonal therefore there is no surface epithelium morph
found in the sebaceous glands of skin
what is simple tubular
SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
secretory cells that are arranged looking like a tube
lined by secretory cells, goblet cells, and columnar cells
excretory duct system: simple
secretory unit : tubular
glandular morph : simple tubular
the morph of the surface epithelium would be simple columnar with goblet cells and microvilli
intestine
what is simple branched tubular
SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
when there are several secretory units that merge onto ONE UNBRANCHED duct
mucus cells line the duct - NOT goblet cells
structure of excretory duct system: simple
secretory unit: branched tubular
glandular morph: simple branched tubular
morph of surface epithelium: simple columnar
found in stomach- gastric pit
what is simple coiled tubular
SIMPLE EXOCRINE GLANDS
a single tube that has been tightly coiled in 3 dimensions
has a long unbranched excretory duct and coiled secretory duct
excretory duct: simple
secretory duct: coiled tubular
glandular morph: simple coiled tubular
surface epithelium morph of secretory unit is simple cuboidal
surface epithelium morp of excretory duct is stratified cuboidal
sweat glands in skin
what are compound exocrine glands
with branching duct system
branching secretory units
glands are lobulated
what is compound acinar
type of compound exocrine glands
made up of branching ducts with spherical secretory units
each acinar unit drains into its own duct which then drains into a bigger duct
serous secretion
excretory duct structure: compound
secretory unit structure: acinar
glandular morph: compound acinar
surface epithelium if excretory ducts - simple cuboidal or simple columnar
found in parotid gland
what is compound tubular
type of compound exocrine glands
made up of branching ducts with tubular secretory units
secretion is mucus type
duct system structure: compound
secretory unit structure: tubular
glandular morphology: compound tubular
surface epithelium of the excretory ducts:
-simple or stratified cuboidal
-simple or stratified columnar
found in sublingual glands
what are compound tubuloacinar
type of compound exocrine glands
composed of branching ducts with both tubular and acinar secretory units
have both serous and mucous secretory cells
excretory duct system structure: compound
secretory unit structure: tubuloacinar
glandular morphology: compound tubuloacinar
the surface epithelium of excretory cells :
-simple or stratified cuboidal
-simple or stratified columnar
submandibular glands
endocrine glands can be morphologically described as
clumped and cord
follicular
what is clumped and cord
morph description of endocrine glands
secretory cells that secrete hormones right into the bloodstream
randomly arranged in clumps or they form columns
Glandular morphology of secretory units: CLUMP AND CORD.
found in all endocrine glands EXCEPT thyroid
what type of organ is the pancreas
endocrine
but it has an exocrine and endocrine function
- Glandular morphology of endocrine portion: CLUMP AND CORD (islet of langerhans)
- Glandular morphology of exocrine portion: COMPOUND ACINAR
what is follicular
morph description of endocrine glands
composed of follicles that act as storage units for hormones released by secretory cells aka follicular cells
the secretory cells that line the follicles are cuboidal
Glandular morphology: FOLLICULAR
* Surface epithelium of the secretory cells: * Simple cuboidal (with microvilli).
found in thyroid
