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Brain and Behavior > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

neurophysiology

A

study of life processes of neurons

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2
Q

anion

A

negatively charged

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3
Q

cation

A

positively charged

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4
Q

microelectrode

A

used to show the interior was mroe negative than exterior in membrane

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5
Q

resting potential inside membrane

A

-50 to -80 mV

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6
Q

ion channels

A

allow ions to pass through

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7
Q

leaky potassium channels

A

open all the time

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8
Q

neurons are

A

selectively permeable

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9
Q

diffusion

A

movement along concentration gradient

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10
Q

electrostatic pressure

A

movement of ions to oppositely charged areas

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11
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

3 sodium out for 2 k+ in

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12
Q

equilibrium potential

A

electrical charge that balances the opposing forces –> concentration gradient and electrostatic potential

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13
Q

axon hillock

A

membrane potential originates just after here

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14
Q

hyperpolarization

A

increased membrane potential –> charge moves even further from zero

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15
Q

depolarization

A

interior becomes less negative

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16
Q

graded response

A

change in potential –> greater the stimulus the greater the response

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17
Q

local potential

A

as potnetial moves further away from point of stimulation, it decreases

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18
Q

threshold

A

depolarization to about -40 mV that triggers action potential

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19
Q

all or none porperty

A

action potential either fires or it doesn’t –> amplitude of action potential is not relates to stimulus size

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20
Q

after potential

A

small changes in membrane potential after action potential

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21
Q

voltage gates channels

A

change shape and open in response to changes in charge *like depolarization

22
Q

absolute refractory period

A

no action potentials can be produced

23
Q

relative refractory phase

A

only strong stimulation can produce action potential

24
Q

conduction velocity

A

speed of propagation of action potentials vary with axon diameter

25
Q

myelin

A

insulation around axon, formed by glial cells that speed conduction

26
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gap in insulating myelin sheath –> channels are here

27
Q

saltatory conduction

A

potential traveling inside axon jumps from node to node

28
Q

postsynaptic potentials

A

breif changes in the membrane potential in reponse to neurotransmitters

29
Q

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

A

thing that push post synaptic neuron closer to action potential

30
Q

inhibitatory postsynaptic potential

A

pushes cell further awawy from theshold –> like Cl- ions

31
Q

spatial summation

A

summing of all potentials that reach axon hillock from locations across the body

32
Q

temporal summation

A

summing of potentials that reach the axon hillock based on time of arrival

33
Q

closer together in time the potentials the greater their imapct and likelihood of producing action potential

A
34
Q

synpatic delay

A

delay ebtween action potentail reaching axon terminal and creating postsynaptic potential

35
Q

ligands

A

molecules that fit into receptors and activate or block them

36
Q

acetylcholine

A
37
Q

curare and bungarotoxin

A

block acH receptors

38
Q

nicotine

A

mimics aCH receptors

39
Q

degradation

A

rapid breakdown and inactivation of transmitter by an enzyme

40
Q

reuptake

A

trasnmitter is cleared from teh synapse by being absorbed back into the. presynaptic axon terminal

41
Q

transporters

A

special receptors that bring transmitter back insdie

42
Q

axo dendritic

A

axon terminal synapse to dendrite

43
Q

axo somatic

A

axon and cell body

44
Q

axo axonic

A

axon and axon

45
Q

dendro dendritic

A

between two sdendrites

46
Q

EEG

A

recording of spontaneous brain potentials

47
Q

ERPS

A

EEG response to strong stimulus

48
Q

epilepsy

A

brain disorder characterized by seizures

49
Q

seizure

A

abnormally schronous electrical activity

50
Q

grand mal seizure

A

abnormal EEG activity throughout brain

51
Q

petit mal seizure

A

seizure activity for 5-15 seconds and may occur several times a day

52
Q

complex partial seizure

A

do not involve entire brain and preceded by unusual aura

Brain and Behavior (3 decks)

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