Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain and Behavior > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

input - dendrites

A

receive information from other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

integration –> cell body

A

integrates information it receives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

conduction - axons

A

conducts output information away from the cell body as electrical impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

output - axon terminals

A

communicate activity to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor neurons

A

axons that stimulate muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sensory neurons

A

have various shapes based on given stimuli and respond to enviornmental stimuli like light odor and touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

interneurons

A

analyze input from one set of neurons and communicate with others; modulate signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

multipolar neurons

A

one axon and many dendrites, most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bipolar neurons

A

one axon, one dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unipolar neurons

A

single extension branches in two directions forming input zone and output –> common in things like touch (sensory system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is information transmitted

A

presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

components of synapse

A

presynaptic membrane –> axon terminal of presynaptic neuron
post synaptic membrane –> dendrite or cell body of PSN
synaptic cleft –> gap that separates membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

contains neurotransmitters that come from presynaptic axon terminals
released in response to electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurotransmitter receptors

A

specialized proteins in psotsynatpic membrane that react to neurotransmitter molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

neural plasticity

A

continual remodeling of neuronal connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

axon hillock

A

cone shapes area of cell body that leads to the axons
converts input into electrical signals that travel down axon an dinervate target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

axon collateral

A

branch of axon that ends in terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

axon transport

A

bidirectional movement of materials within an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glial cells

A

assist neuronal activity by providing raw materials, chemical signals and structure and participate in information processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

form myelin sheaths in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

schwann cells

A

myelin in neurons in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

gaps between sections of myelin where axons are expsoed –> aid propagation of signal down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

astrocytes

A

stretch around and between neurons, sometimes blood vessels –> secrete chemcials, help form outer membrane of the brain and maintain blood/brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

microglial cells

A

removes debris from injured or dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

central nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

peripheral system

A

all other parts except for brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

motor nerves

A

transmit information from spinal cord and brain to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sensory nerves

A

convey information from the body to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves that interconnect brain and the major muscles and sensory systems of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

connect to internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cranial nerves

A

innervate the head neck and visceral organs directly from brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

spinal nerves

A

connected to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

exclusively sensoyr cranial nerves

A

olfactory -smell
optic -vision
vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

motor pathway from the brain

A
  • oculomotor - eye movement
    trochlear - eye mvoement
    abducens - eye movement
    spinal accessory - neck muscles
    hypoglossal - tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

sensory AND motor functions

A

trigeminal -chewing and facial sensations
facial - taste sensations , facial msucles
glossopharyngeal - throat sensations, throat muscles
vagas nerve - innervate heart, liver and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

spinal nerves

A

motor fibers that project from spinal cord and sensory fibers that go back into the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

segments of spinal cord

A

cervical - neck - 8 segments
thoracic - trunk - 12 segments
lumbar - lower back - 5 segments
sacral - pelvic - 5 segments
coccygeal - bottom - 1 segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Major divisions that are on autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

39
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

innervate sympathetic ganglia –> prepare fight or flight response

40
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

relax and recuperate; parasympathetic ganglia; close to organs they innervate

41
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outermost convoluted layer of the brain

42
Q

gyri

A

rigid or raise portions of cortex

43
Q

sulci

A

furrowed protions of cortex

44
Q

lobes

A

frontal, pariental, occipital, temporal

45
Q

frontal

A

decision making, personality

46
Q

pariental

A

sensory

47
Q

occipital

A

visual processin

48
Q

temporal

A

auditory processing

49
Q

sylvian fissure

A

boundary of temporal lobe

50
Q

central sulcus

A

divides frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

51
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects two cerebral hemispheres

52
Q

post central gyrus

A

important for touch, behind central cortex

53
Q

precentral gyrus

A

in frontal lobe, motor control

54
Q

gray matter

A

lacks myelin; more cell bodies and dendrites

55
Q

white matter

A

axons with white myelin sheaths

56
Q

forebrain

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

57
Q

hindbrain

A

developes into cerebellum, pons, medulla

58
Q

brainstem

A

hindbrian pons and medulla

59
Q

cortical neurons

A

six layers after development

60
Q

pyramidal cells

A

most prominent neurons in cerebral cortex, layer III or V

61
Q

cortical columns

A

extend and serve information processing units

62
Q

basal ganglia

A

motor control
consist of caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

63
Q

limbic system

A

emotion and learning

64
Q

amygdala

A

emotional regulation and perception of color

65
Q

hippocampus and fornix

A

learning

66
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

attention

67
Q

olfactory bulb

A

sense of smell

68
Q

thalamus

A

relay sensory informaton

69
Q

hypothalamus

A

control pituitary

70
Q

superior colliculi

A

visual processing

71
Q

inferior colliculi

A

auditory processing

72
Q

substantia nigra

A

basal ganglia

73
Q

reticular formation

A

sleep and arousal

74
Q

periaqueductal gray

A

pain perception

75
Q

cerebellum

A

motor coordination and control, learning

76
Q

pons

A

origin of cranial nerves, snesory nad motor nuceli

77
Q

medulla

A

respiration and heart rate –> transition from brain to spinal cord

78
Q

dura matter

A

tough, outermost layer

79
Q

pia matter

A

–> delicate inner skin

80
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

filled with cerebrospinal fluid

81
Q

meningitis

A

acute infection of the meninges

82
Q

meningiomas

A

tumors formed in the meninges–> can cause seizures

83
Q

ventricular system

A

series of chambers filled with CSF

84
Q

lateral ventricles

A
85
Q

CSF

A

third ventricle then foruth ventricle where it exits to circulate to the brain and spinal cord

86
Q

CT Scans

A

anatomical map of the brain based on tissue density

87
Q

MRI

A

high resolution and less damaging effects –> created by tissue density

88
Q

fMRI

A

small chanegs in brain metabolism –> can show how brain structure collaborate

89
Q

PET

A

images of brain activity –> identifies which brain region contribute to specific function

90
Q

TMS

A

sitmulate cortical regions and record changes of behavior

91
Q

MEG

A

measures magnetic field given off by active neurons during cognitive processing

92
Q

stroke

A

rupture or blockage of blood

93
Q

hemorrhagic

A

rupture in the brain and very deadly

94
Q

ischemic

A

blockage of artery –> blood enters and certain, area will die

Brain and Behavior (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions