Lecture 2 Flashcards
1
Q
When did the record of life start?
A
record begins ~3.8 billion years ago
2
Q
What do organisms require?
A
- organized complexity
- movement
- growth
- feeding
- elimination of wastes
- reproduction
- energy conversion
- response to stimuli
(fire has all these things. wowww so cool)
3
Q
Define life
A
- carbon-based cellular structures with controlled energy conversion (metabolism); ability to replicate, store and process information; with variations = ability to evolve (change over time)
- note: viruses are not organisms (not cellular), and not “alive”
4
Q
What are some of the common self-assembly organizations based on known physical and chemical principles?
A
- snowflakes
- crystals
- most cellular life processes of replication
- protein folding
- catalytic conversions
- all happen spontaneously, based on fundamental principles (like hydrogen bonding)
- also applies to higher levels, such as the formation of clouds, storm systems layered bacterial mats…
5
Q
What does LUCA stand for?
A
- Last Universal Common Ancestor
6
Q
what does LUCA mean?
A
- theoretical of life
- LUCA is the unknown most recent common ancestor of all current life on earth (not necessarily the first life form, but the first surviving one): basic genes shared by 3 domains
- likely formed near earth’s hydrothermal vents, where energy, raw materials, and other key conditions re present in seawater. NOT CONFIRMED
7
Q
what word did charles darwin never use?
A
- evolution
- he called it descent with modification
8
Q
What are the 3 domains based on genetic sequencing?
A
- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota
9
Q
What are eucaryotes?
A
- have larger, more complex cells than procaryotes, with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles, b ut both have ribosomes (rRNA)
- animals, fungi, and land plants are the most common eucaryotes seen by humans
10
Q
What is taxonomy
A
naming and classifying
11
Q
What is phyla?
A
- the major branches of a tree representing different basic organization
12
Q
How do you write a binomial name?
A
in latin, comprised of Genus, followed by a species name, used in italics or underlined
ex.
- humas = Homo sapiends
13
Q
What is the binomial naming system called?
A
- Linnaean
14
Q
how do they come up with the name
A
- either descriptive or honor the discoverer
15
Q
What is evolution?
A
- change in the genetic characteristics of a population over time
- usually small changes (microevolution) but demonstrated to form new species (speciation), and also higher categories (genera, families, … , MACROEVOLUTION)
