lecture 2

Question 1

why was HW eq developed

Answer 1

Will a dominant trait increase in frequency in a
population over time?
* Hardy used math to figure out why brachydactyly, a dominant allele, was not found in a higher population frequency even though it was supposed to be more common
Weinberg was looking at the same thing in germany at the same time, so both names were combined to honor their work

Question 2

HW allele freq laws?

Answer 2

p+q= 1
p= freq of dom allele
q= freq of recessive

Question 3

HW genotype freq?

Answer 3

p2 +2pq+ q2= 1
% ages of individuals w genotype

Question 4

how to find genotype freq. when numbers are known?

Answer 4

• If the numbers of each genotype are known, divide by the total number of individuals

Question 5

allele freq counting method

Answer 5

○ Assign letters first
○ Ex. AA= red mitts, add = green, Aa= red and green
○
○ Freq of A- divide A by total number of alleles - 192/308=-0.6234
○ Freq of a = divide number of a by total number of alleles- 116/308=0.3766
* Sum of allele frequencies will always equal to 1, so equations can be flipped

Question 6

find allele freq from genotype freqs?

Answer 6

• Start by determining the genotype frequencies (divide the number in each genotype by the total number of genotypes)
  P= FAA + FAa/2
  q= FAa/2 + faa

Question 7

next generation expected freq?

Answer 7

○ Expected frequency of genotype AA = p2
○ Expected frequency of genotype Aa= 2pq
○ Expected frequency of genotype aa= q2

Question 8

how do you find deviations from HWE?

Answer 8

• To get expected genotype numbers, multiply the frequencies by total number of people
  ○ Expected genotype numbers: the next generations