Lecture 2 - 1/4

Question 1

apoenzyme

Answer 1

an enzyme without its cofactor

Question 2

holoenzyme

Answer 2

an enzyme complete with its cofactor

Question 3

prosthetic group

Answer 3

tightly bound coenzyme

Question 4

housekeeping genes

Answer 4

genes that are necessary across all organisms (e.g. ribosomal RNA, glycolysis)

Question 5

assay

Answer 5

means assessment

Question 6

homogenizer tube

Answer 6

For breaking up cells. It is a tube with a plunger that you press and turn.

Question 7

sonicator

Answer 7

Also for breaking up cells (to homogenize)

Question 8

cytosol

Answer 8

soluble portion of cytoplasm

Question 9

dialysis

Answer 9

the process of separating salts from proteins. The cells and proteins will stay inside a dialysis bag, but the salts and wastes (urea) will leave the bag. Used to get rid of salt during protein separation

Question 10

Net charge of histone

Answer 10

positive

Question 11

Lectins

Answer 11

Are proteins that recognize specific sugars. Glucose can be used to knock off the protein of interest (for collection).

Question 12

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Answer 12

Uses a metal tube and pressure to speed up the chromatography process

Question 13

Sedimentation coefficient

Answer 13

The rate of movement in centrifugation (in Svedberg units). Big/dense things move fast.

Question 14

fluorescamine

Answer 14

reacts with primary amines to form highly fluorescent products

Question 15

Edman degradation

Answer 15

Method of removing AA from a polypeptide 1-by-1. Good for up to 50 amino acids at best.

Question 16

Cytochromes

Answer 16

proteins with a prosthetic group that gives them color

Question 17

Conjugated proteins

Answer 17

Proteins with an additional non-proteinaceous component (e.g. prosthetic group)

Question 18

Coenzyme

Answer 18

Cofactors that are organic molecules

Question 19

aliquot

Answer 19

A small sample