Lecture 1C: Eukaryotic Microbial Cells Flashcards
How do microbial eukaryotes compare to prokaryotes in terms of structure and size?
They are structurally more complex and typically larger.
What are the main groups of microbial eukaryotes? (4)
- Fungi
- algae
- protozoa
- other protists
What is the hallmark of eukaryotic cells?
A membrane-enclosed nucleus.
What are the nearly universal organelles in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is found only in phototrophic eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplasts
Name other important eukaryotic organelles. (5)
- Golgi complex
- lysosomes
- endoplasmic reticulum
- microtubules
- microfilaments
What structures provide motility in some microbial eukaryotes? (2)
- Flagella
- cilia
Which microbial eukaryotes have a cell wall?
- Fungi
- algae
What molecules in eukaryotic cell membranes provide structural strength?
Sterols
They provide structural support in cells that lack a cell wall, such as protozoa and animal cells.
Sterols
It contains the chromosomes that control cell activities and is enclosed by a double membrane with an inner and outer layer.
Nucleus
What proteins help organize eukaryotic DNA: They pack negatively charged DNA into nucleosomes, forming chromosomes.
Histones (positively charged proteins).
It is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum in many places.
outer nuclear membrane
What structures in the nuclear membrane allow molecular exchange?
Nuclear pores
What is the process of moving proteins and nucleic acids in and out of the nucleus called?
Nuclear transport
The site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
nucleolus
Where is the nucleolus located?
Inside the nucleus
What is transported into the nucleolus for ribosome formation?
Ribosomal proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm.
How do ribosomal proteins and rRNA interact?
They combine to form the small and large subunits of ribosomes.
Where do the ribosome subunits go after leaving the nucleolus?
They are exported to the cytoplasm.
They assemble into functional ribosomes and participate in protein synthesis.
ribosome subunits in the cytoplasm
What are the main steps in eukaryotic cell division? (4)
for the genetic states; in order
→ Chromosome replication
→ Nuclear disassembly
→ Chromosome segregation
→ Nuclear reassembly in daughter cells.
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their genetic states?
Prokaryotic cells are haploid, while microbial eukaryotes can be either haploid or diploid.
__ cells have one copy of each chromosome, while __ cells have two.
- Haploid
- diploid