Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ClinMed_I > Lecture 1a > Flashcards

Lecture 1a Flashcards

1
Q

Define anemia.

A

Reduction in total number of RBCs, amount of Hb or RBC mass in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define polycythemia.

A

Increase in total number of RBCs, amount of Hb and RBC mass in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define anisocytosis.

A

Variation in size, RDW(red blood cell width) > 14.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Poikilocytosis.

A

Variation in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define polychromasia.

A

Increased in reticulocytes in peripheral blood stream due to being released prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define hypochromia.

A

Central pallor > 1/3rd the size of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define microcytosis.

A

Abnormally small RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define macrocytosis.

A

Abnormally large RBcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Acanthocyte.

A

Irregularly spiculated RBC
Example: abetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Echinocyte.

A

RBCs with short, regular spicules
Example: uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define spherocyte.

A

RBC w/o central pallor.
Example: hereditary spherocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Ovalocyte.

A

Elliptical RBC
Example: Hereditary elliptocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define schistocyte.

A

Fragmented, bi-, or tripolar spiculated RBC
Example: DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define sickle cell.

A

Bipolar spiculated RBC
Example: sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define stomatocyte.

A

Mouth-like deformity
Example: hereditary stomatocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define target cell.

A

RBC with concentric circles
Example: thalassemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define tear drop.

A

Unipolar spiculated RBC
Example: myelofibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How much of our body weight is blood?

A

7-8% of total body weight
average male: 12 pints
average female: 9 pints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the blood functions?

A

O2 and nutrient transportation
Blood loss prevention (clotting)
Immune response to fight infection
Carries waste to kidney and liver
Body temperature regulation

20
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A

Plasma
RBC
WBC
Platelets(Plt)

21
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Translucent, thin fluid
Water and salt from intestinal lining
Consists of 90% of water, rest are proteins, hormones, insulin, electrolytes, nutrients

22
Q

Where are blood cells produced?

A

Bone marrow
Extra medullary sites including the liver and spleen

23
Q

What are the functions of plasma?

A

Transport blood cells, proteins, antibodies, etc.
Maintains blood pressure

24
Q

What is the most abundant blood cell?

A

Erythocytes

25
Q

What are the characteristics and functions of erythrocytes?

A

Flexible, bright red biconcave disc
Oxygenation of tissue
Production stimulated by erythropoietin from kidneys
120days lifespan

26
Q

What are the types of WBC?

A

Neutrophil(most abundant, <1day lifespan)
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil

27
Q

What are the characteristics/functions of platelets?

A

Cell fragments, w/o a nucleus
Extra platelets are stored in the spleen
Production stimulated by thrombopoietin, hormone related by liver and kidney
7-10days lifespan

28
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

Clotting

29
Q

What are the components of CBC?

A

WBC
RBC
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Mean corpuscular volume(MCV)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations(MCHC)
Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)
Platelet

30
Q

What can WBC on a lab be often identified as?

A

Percentages and absolute values

31
Q

What causes variability in hemoglobin levels?

A

Sex: higher in males
Age: higher in young infants
high altitudes/smokers: higher
pregnancy: lower
ethnicity: varies

32
Q

Define hematocrit.

A

A ratio of volume of RBC to volume of blood

33
Q

How do you calculate hematocrit?

A

Hct = (RBC x MCV)/10
Hct = Hgb x 3

34
Q

Define mean corpuscular volume (MCV).

A

Reflects the individual size of RBC

35
Q

What does it mean when MCV is low or high?

A

Low MCV: microcytosis(small cell size)
Normal MCV: normocytosis(normal cell size)
High MCV: macrocytosis(large cell size)

36
Q

Define mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH).

A

Amount(weight) of hemoglobin per RBC

Directly related to RBC size

37
Q

What does it mean when MCH is low or high?

A

Low MCH: hypochromia
normal: normochromia
high MCH: hyperchromia

38
Q

How do you calculate MCH?

A

MCH = (Hgb/RBC) x 10

39
Q

Define mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

A

Average hgb concentration in each RBC

40
Q

How do you calculate MCHC?

A

MCHC = Hgb/Hct (%)

41
Q

Define red cell distribution width (RDW).

A

Measures the percent of RBC that fall out of normal range in size

directly related to changes in MCV

42
Q

What can cause increased RDW?

A

Reticulocytosis defined as anisocytosis

43
Q

What does it mean a mean platelet volume (MPV) is low or high?

A

Increase MPV means increase platelet production
Decrease MPV means decrease platelet production

younger platelets are larger in size

44
Q

What does a peripheral blood smear measure?

A

Manually assesses blood cell morphology and cell count (platelets, RBC, WBC)
Visualization of neoplastic cells derived from bone marrow (lymphoid cells, myeloid cells)

45
Q

What is an abnormally shaped RBC called?

A

Poikilocyte

ClinMed_I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions