Lecture 19 - Special Senses: Eye Flashcards
what are the 3 tunics of the eye
fibrous
vascular
neural
fibrous tunic is the ___ layer
outermost
what are associated in the fibrous tunic
sclera and cornea
- sclera = ___
- attachment site for ___ eye muscles
- dense connective tissue
white part of the eye
- extrinsic
cornea =
what does it do
transparent bulge on anterior surface
bulge refracts light before it hits lends for us to be able to pass it through to focus
areas found in the vascular tunic (6)
choroid coat
ciliary body
iris
anterior cavity
posterior cavity
suspensory ligament
vascular tunic = ___ layer
middle
- choroid coat = ___ surface of globe
a. vascular = helps nourish ___
b. __ pigmentation absorbed stray light = where light ___
- inner
a. retina
b. black, stops
- ciliary body composed of ___ and ___
- suspensory ligament of the ___
- __ muscle
- muscle and ligaments
- lens
- smooth
- iris = ___ portion of the eye
- muscle contraction controls ___ of pupil which allows light ___
- separates the anterior cavity into __ and __ chambers
- colored
- diameter, in
- anterior and posterior
- anterior CAVITY has 2 chambers anterior to the ___
- anterior chamber is anterior to ___
- posterior chamber is posterior to ___
- what fills the anterior cavity? ___
a. produced by the ___ process
b. returned to blood supply via canal of ___
c. helps control intra ocular ___
- lens
- iris
- iris
- aqueous humor
a. ciliary
b. Schlemm
c. pressure
in the anterior CAVITY, the posterior and anterior chamber are separated by?
the iris
the anterior and posterior CAVITY are separated by
the lens
posterior cavity is posterior to __
posture cavity is filled with __
assists sclera in maintaining __ of the eyeball
lens
vitreous humor
shape
suspensory ligament
a. composed of __ membranes
b. __ is sandwiched between layers
2
lens
glaucoma
- circulation of ___ is blocked
- increased ___ -> damage to the __ nerve
a. __ eyes - cornea should bend, if it doesn’t bend it has too much ___ which results in glaucoma
- you’ll start to lose ___
- aqueous humor
- pressure, optic
a. cloudy - pressure
- vision
neural tunic part is the
retina
retina has 2 parts
- posterior __ layer
a. dark pigmentation absorbs __ light - anterior __ layer
a. containing __ & ___ & ___
b. contains __ layers
- pigmented
a. stray - neural
a. neurons, neuroglia, blood vessels
b. 9
is the eye the nervous system inside out
yes
photoreceptor cells contain
rods and cones
rods: gray scale = __ light
cones = __ vision
dim
color
absence of any ONE type of cone =
color blindness
___ (eye) —> ___ (computer) —> ___ (data base)
receptor
brain
limbic
does all light reach the receptors in the eye
no. some reach and some dont
macula lutea and the fovea centralis
- center of visual axis = ___
- contains high concentration of __
- spot of sharpest ___
focal point
cones
focus
- optic chiasm is the spot where the eye tract ___
- left side of left eye goes to __ side of brain
- middles of eyes go to the __ side of brain
a. right side of left eye goes to the __ side of brain
- crosses over
- left (later sides go out same side)
- opposite
a. right
blind spot
- point where __ nerve exists the globe
- point where blood vessels __/__ the globe
- located very close to and just medial of the ___
- optic
- enter/exit
- fovea
retune subsequently appears to be installed ___
backwards
clinical implications/mechanical limitations
- light receptors (___ and ___) point the __ way
- receptors buried behind __ layers
- ___ is where axons and blood cellars leave globe
- result = ___% of the image is lost
a. it is __% lighter in this room than what our brains can receive
- rods and cones
- 9
- blind spot
- 70%
a. 70%
pineal gland
- tied to light ___
- __ eye
- ___ rhythms
- reception
- 3rd
- circadian
- iris (CN_?)
- sympathetic stimulation = __ of pupil (letting __ in)
- parasympathetic stimulation = ___ of pupil (__)
- regulates amount of light that passes to ___
- CN III (3) (oculomotor)
- dilation (light)
- contraction (shrinks)
- retina
ciliary muscle (CN III) = (?)
- complicated circular and radial ___
- __ reduces tension on ___ ligament
- suspensory ligament affects how the lens is __
- shape of lens affects where the eye ___
a. shape changes looking close (gets __)
b. and far away (gets ___)
oculomotor
- muscles
- contraction, suspensory
- stretched
- focuses
a. fat
b. flat
are blood vessels present in the lens
no
ability to focus on close objects
ciliary muscles ___, ligaments __ and lens ___
contract
sag
bulge
ability to focus on far objects
ciliary muscles ___, ligaments ___, and lens __
relax
tighten
thins (flat)
myopia =
near sighted
hyperopia =
far sighted
presbyopia (old man sight)
- lens proteins become stiffer with __
- ability of lens to change ___ slowly
- can’t focus on __ objects
- old age
- shape slowly
3 near
cataracts = ___ lens
- lens becomes ___
- focusing becomes patchy across ___
abnormal
cloudy
retina
muscles that control the eyelids
- levator palpebrae superioris = ___
a. CN __? - orbicularis oculi = ___
a. CN __?
- lifts upper eyelid
a. CN III - ocoulotmor - closes both eyelids
a. CN VII - facial
extrinsic eye muscle: lateral rectus
CN:
Movement:
CN = abducens
movement = abduction (move laterally)
SO4LR6
extrinsic eye muscle: medial rectus
CN:
Movement:
CN = oculomotor
movement = adduction (move medially)
extrinsic eye muscle: superior rectus
CN:
Movement:
cn = oculomotor
movement = elevation (upward)
extrinsic eye muscle: inferior rectus
CN:
Movement:
cn = oculomotor
movement = depression (downward)
extrinsic eye muscle: superior oblique
CN:
Movement:
cn = trochlear
movement = depress/abduction (down and out)
SO4LR6
extrinsic eye muscle: inferior oblique
CN:
Movement:
cn = oculomotor
movement = elevate/abduction (up and out)
NERVES INNERVATE ___
MUSCLES MOVE ___
MUSCLES
THINGS
accessory structures of the orbit
- palpebrae = ___
- canthi (medial and lateral canthus) = ___
- conjunctiva = single cell layer of skin that covers ___ surface of eye
a. conjunctivitis = ___ - lacrimal gland = superolateral corner of orbit
a. secretes __ that bathe conjunctiva and cornea
b. nasal passage is humidified by your ___ - lacrimal apparatus
a. tears are squeezed into ___ with each blink
b. tears drain through ___ into ___ - trochlea = sling of ___ for superior oblique muscle
- upper and lower eyelids
- corners of eyes
- anterior
a. pink eye
4a. tears
4b. eyes
5a. medial canthus
5b. lacrimal puncta into canaliculi
- connective tissue
tear flow
- lacrimal gland
- across conjunctiva
- lacrimal canaliculi
- nasolacrimal duct
8.
- lacrimal duct
- lacrimal puncta
- lacrimal sac
- inferior nasal meatus