Lecture 14 - Development

Question 1

the neural tube development

1. ectoderm folds inwards to form a ___ tube
2. ___ end swells and becomes the hollow brain

3 ___ portion is also hollow - ___ and central canal

4. ___ filled with CSF
5. segmental nerves from brain (__) and spinal cord (__)

Answer 1

1. hollow
2. anterior
3. posterior
4. both
5. 12 & 31

Question 2

around the __ week period we start to see those 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 2

7th

Question 3

in spinal cord

1. cortex = __ matter (opposite in brain)
2. medulla = ___ matter (opposite in brain)
3. white matter is ___ in spinal cord (opposite in brain)
4. grey matter is ___ in spinal cord (opposite in brain)

Answer 3

1. white (myelinated)
2. grey
3. outside
4. inside

Question 4

what is the central canal filled with

Answer 4

CSF

Question 5

spinal cord and brain are surrounded by what 3 meningeal layers?

Answer 5

dura mater (outermost)

arachnoid (middle)

pia mater (innermost)

Question 6

___ space is between dura mater and vertebral canal

Answer 6

epidural

Question 7

___ space is between dura and arachnoid

Answer 7

subdural

Question 8

___ space is between arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 8

subarachnoid

Question 9

arachnoid layer is vascular T or F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

__ space is filled with CSF

Answer 10

subarachnoid

Question 11

pia mater is firmly attached to the ___

Answer 11

spinal cord

Question 12

pia mater is vascular T or F

Answer 12

T

Question 13

spinal nerves leave and enter spinal column at …

Answer 13

intervertebral foramen

Question 14

each spinal nerve is associated with

1. __ root that contains ___ nerves and their cell bodies
2. ___ root that contains __ neurons
3. dorsal ___ - skin/muscles of ___
4. ventral ___ - skin/muscles of thorax,___, limbs
5. rami ____ - ___

Answer 14

1. dorsal - sensory
2. ventral - motor
3. ramus - back (back)
4. ramus - abdomen (front)
5. communicantes- ANS

Question 15

roots are ___ way: __ OR ___

rami are ___ way - going in going out at the ___ time

Answer 15

ONE - in or out

2 - same

Question 16

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 16

31

Question 17

pairs of spinal nerves

1. ___ cervical
2. ___ thoracic
3. ___ lumbar
4. ___ sacral
5. ___ coccygeal

Answer 17

1. 8 (but 7 cervical vertebrae)
2. 12
3. 5
4. 5
5. 1

Question 18

spinal nerves are ____ the named vertebrae

Answer 18

BELOW

T1 —> T1 nerve —> T2

Question 19

each one of your spinal nerves is associated with ___

Answer 19

skin

Question 20

spinal nerve ___ is associated with the area of the nipple

Answer 20

T4

Question 21

spinal nerve ___ is associated with the area of the belly button

Answer 21

T10

Question 22

spinal nerves ___-___ are pudenda nerves for genital region

Answer 22

S2-S4

Question 23

spinal nerves are lumped into what 3 plexuses

Answer 23

cervical

brachial

lumbosacral

Question 24

cervical plexus are nerves ___

Answer 24

C1-C5

Question 25

phrenic nerves are nerves ___ and controls contraction of the ___

Answer 25

C3 4 & 5

“keep diaphragm alive”

diaphragm

Question 26

cervical nerves are ___ the named vertebrae

Answer 26

ABOVE

C2 —> C3 nerve —> C3

(why we have 8 cervical nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae)

Question 27

brachial plexus are nerves ___

Answer 27

C5-T1

Question 28

5 terminal nerves in brachial plexus

1. ____: function of deltoid and teres minor
2. ___: flexors of arm and forearm
3. ___: extensors of arm, forearm, wrist, fingers
4. ___: flexor carpi ulnaris (right behind medial epicondyle)
5. ___: flexors of wrist, fingers

Answer 28

1. axillary
2. musculocutaneous n
3. radial n
4. ulnar n
5. median n

AMRUM - order from top to bottom visually

Question 29

injuries with brachial plexus

1. laterally extension in C4-C6 = Erb’s palsy = ___ plexus injury
2. Klumpke’s palsy = ___ plexus injury
3. shot in nerve =
4. shit in blood vessel =
5. shot above lung =

Answer 29

1. UPPER
2. LOWER
3. paralysis
4. pass out
5. collapsed lung

Question 30

lumbosacral plexus are nerves ___

Answer 30

T12-S4

Question 31

the sciatic nerve is a bundle of 2 distinct components …

Answer 31

tibial n and common fibular n

Question 32

piriformis syndrome =

Answer 32

the 2 muscles around the sciatic never start pinching the nerve and the leg gets the funny bone feeling

abducting the leg will instantly relive it

Question 33

reflexes are categorized by

1. developmental history: ___ = things we cannot control or ___ = previously been hit and know it’s coming again
2. processing site: brain or ___ = can interpret information and act as a ___ during specific responses

3.___ complexity: monosynaptic or polysynaptic

4. ___ response: somatic and visceral (ANS)

Answer 33

1. innate; acquired
2. spinal cord; brain
3. circuit
4. motor

Question 34

cerebovascular accident =

Answer 34

CVA = stroke

part of their brain dies

Question 35

paralysis =

Answer 35

loss of motor control

come from an accident or come from CVA

Question 36

paraplegia =

Answer 36

paralysis of the lower limbs

Question 37

hemiplegia =

Answer 37

paralysis of one side of body

if RIGHT side of brain is damaged, the LEFT side expresses the pain because of the switch of grey and white matter from brain and spinal cord

Question 38

quadriplegia =

Answer 38

paralysis of all 4 limbs

Question 39

palsy =

Answer 39

regional loss of sensory/motor function

Question 40

spina bifida =

Answer 40

malformation of spine and spinal cord (sticks out)