Lecture 14 - Development Flashcards
the neural tube development
- ectoderm folds inwards to form a ___ tube
- ___ end swells and becomes the hollow brain
3 ___ portion is also hollow - ___ and central canal
- ___ filled with CSF
- segmental nerves from brain (__) and spinal cord (__)
- hollow
- anterior
- posterior
- both
- 12 & 31
around the __ week period we start to see those 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
7th
in spinal cord
- cortex = __ matter (opposite in brain)
- medulla = ___ matter (opposite in brain)
- white matter is ___ in spinal cord (opposite in brain)
- grey matter is ___ in spinal cord (opposite in brain)
- white (myelinated)
- grey
- outside
- inside
what is the central canal filled with
CSF
spinal cord and brain are surrounded by what 3 meningeal layers?
dura mater (outermost)
arachnoid (middle)
pia mater (innermost)
___ space is between dura mater and vertebral canal
epidural
___ space is between dura and arachnoid
subdural
___ space is between arachnoid and pia mater
subarachnoid
arachnoid layer is vascular T or F
T
__ space is filled with CSF
subarachnoid
pia mater is firmly attached to the ___
spinal cord
pia mater is vascular T or F
T
spinal nerves leave and enter spinal column at …
intervertebral foramen
each spinal nerve is associated with
- __ root that contains ___ nerves and their cell bodies
- ___ root that contains __ neurons
- dorsal ___ - skin/muscles of ___
- ventral ___ - skin/muscles of thorax,___, limbs
- rami ____ - ___
- dorsal - sensory
- ventral - motor
- ramus - back (back)
- ramus - abdomen (front)
- communicantes- ANS
roots are ___ way: __ OR ___
rami are ___ way - going in going out at the ___ time
ONE - in or out
2 - same
how many pairs of spinal nerves
31
pairs of spinal nerves
- ___ cervical
- ___ thoracic
- ___ lumbar
- ___ sacral
- ___ coccygeal
- 8 (but 7 cervical vertebrae)
- 12
- 5
- 5
- 1
spinal nerves are ____ the named vertebrae
BELOW
T1 —> T1 nerve —> T2
each one of your spinal nerves is associated with ___
skin
spinal nerve ___ is associated with the area of the nipple
T4
spinal nerve ___ is associated with the area of the belly button
T10
spinal nerves ___-___ are pudenda nerves for genital region
S2-S4
spinal nerves are lumped into what 3 plexuses
cervical
brachial
lumbosacral
cervical plexus are nerves ___
C1-C5
phrenic nerves are nerves ___ and controls contraction of the ___
C3 4 & 5
“keep diaphragm alive”
diaphragm
cervical nerves are ___ the named vertebrae
ABOVE
C2 —> C3 nerve —> C3
(why we have 8 cervical nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae)
brachial plexus are nerves ___
C5-T1
5 terminal nerves in brachial plexus
- ____: function of deltoid and teres minor
- ___: flexors of arm and forearm
- ___: extensors of arm, forearm, wrist, fingers
- ___: flexor carpi ulnaris (right behind medial epicondyle)
- ___: flexors of wrist, fingers
- axillary
- musculocutaneous n
- radial n
- ulnar n
- median n
AMRUM - order from top to bottom visually
injuries with brachial plexus
- laterally extension in C4-C6 = Erb’s palsy = ___ plexus injury
- Klumpke’s palsy = ___ plexus injury
- shot in nerve =
- shit in blood vessel =
- shot above lung =
- UPPER
- LOWER
- paralysis
- pass out
- collapsed lung
lumbosacral plexus are nerves ___
T12-S4
the sciatic nerve is a bundle of 2 distinct components …
tibial n and common fibular n
piriformis syndrome =
the 2 muscles around the sciatic never start pinching the nerve and the leg gets the funny bone feeling
abducting the leg will instantly relive it
reflexes are categorized by
- developmental history: ___ = things we cannot control or ___ = previously been hit and know it’s coming again
- processing site: brain or ___ = can interpret information and act as a ___ during specific responses
3.___ complexity: monosynaptic or polysynaptic
- ___ response: somatic and visceral (ANS)
- innate; acquired
- spinal cord; brain
- circuit
- motor
cerebovascular accident =
CVA = stroke
part of their brain dies
paralysis =
loss of motor control
come from an accident or come from CVA
paraplegia =
paralysis of the lower limbs
hemiplegia =
paralysis of one side of body
if RIGHT side of brain is damaged, the LEFT side expresses the pain because of the switch of grey and white matter from brain and spinal cord
quadriplegia =
paralysis of all 4 limbs
palsy =
regional loss of sensory/motor function
spina bifida =
malformation of spine and spinal cord (sticks out)
