Lecture 15 - Ventricles of Brain

Question 1

3 primary vesicles

Answer 1

prosencephalon (forebrain)

mesencephalon (mesencephalon)

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 2

5 secondary vesicles

Answer 2

telencephalon

diencephalon

mesencephalon

metencephalon

myelencephalon

TEL DI MES MET MYE

Question 3

1. forebrain = ____
   a. ____ (cerebrum, basal ganglia)
   b. ____ (hypo-, epi-, thalamus)
2. midbrain = ____
   a. ___ (corpora quadrigemina)
3. hindbrain = ____
   a. ____ (cerebellum, pons)
   b. ____ (medulla oblongata)

Answer 3

1. prosencephalon
   a. tel
   b. die
2. mes
   a. mes
3. rhombencephalon
   a. met
   b. mye

Question 4

four cavities (ventricles)

1. later ventricles (1&2) are within the ___
2. 3rd ventricle within the ___
3. aqueduct within the ___
4. 4th ventricle shared by the ____

Answer 4

1. tel
2. die
3. mes
4. met and mye

Question 5

cross section of spinal cord

cortex: ___ matter

medulla: ___ matter

Answer 5

white

grey

Question 6

cross section of brain

cortex: ___ matter

medulla: ___ matter

Answer 6

grey

white

Question 7

in spinal cord,
dorsal roots contain ___ neurons and
ventral roots contain ___ neurons

Answer 7

sensory

motor

Question 8

the telencephalon is the …

Answer 8

storage of information, memory, and what makes us human

Question 9

the cerebrum is associated with the ___ vesicle

Answer 9

telencephalon

Question 10

cerebral functions

1. ___ thought processes
2. ___ functions
3. ____ storage and processing
4. regulation of ___ and ____ somatic motor patterns

Answer 10

1. conscious
2. intellectual
3. memory
4. involuntary and voluntary

Question 11

what is the largest region of the brain

Answer 11

cerebrum

Question 12

surface features of cerebrum

1. elevated ridges =
2. shallow depressions =
3. deeper grooves between lobes/regions =

Answer 12

1. gyri
2. sulci
3. fissure

Question 13

the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum are separated by the …

Answer 13

the corpus callosum

Question 14

the cerebrum is hallow where the ventricles are separated by the

Answer 14

septum pellucidum

Question 15

1. the right hemisphere of the cerebrum incorporates ___ information, spatial ____
2. the left hemisphere of the cerebrum incorporates: ____, reading, ___, speaking, ____

Answer 15

1. sensory; relationships
2. language, writing, logic

Question 16

the cerebrum has 4 lobes…

Answer 16

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

Question 17

areas in frontal lobe

1. ____ cortex
   a. emotion, motivation, ___ regulation
   b. sense of ___, reasoning
2. ___ center (brocas area)
   a. breathing/____
3. pre-central ___
   a. primary motor cortex: ___ homunculus

Answer 17

1. prefrontal
   a. behavioral
   b. time
2. speech
   a. vocalization
3. gyrus
   a. motor

Question 18

areas in parietal lobe

1. central ___
2. post-central ___ (___ cortex)
   a. primary sensory cortex: ___ homunculus
   b. ___ to central sulcus
3. pre central ___ (___ cortex)
   a. ___ to central sulcus

Answer 18

1. sulcus
2. gyrus; sensory
   a. sensory
   b. posterior
3. gyrus; motor
   a. anterior

Question 19

areas of temporal lobe

1. includes ___ cortex
2. brain is ___ what is is you’re ___
3. how your brain interprets it is what you ___

Answer 19

1. auditory
2. interpreting; hearing
3. hear

Question 20

areas of occipital lobe

1. includes ___ cortex
2. processing information that your ___ is giving
3. your eyes don’t see anything, your brain is ____ the information your eyes are giving

Answer 20

1. visual
2. retina
3. interpreting

Question 21

alzheimer’s disease

1. ___ condition
2. progressive loss of ___/___
3. substantial ___ in cortical neurons
4. substantial ___ in volume of gyri
5. attacks ___ cortex and ___ lobe
   a. affecting memories, language, navigation
6. ___ poison is associated with Alzheimer’s

Answer 21

1. neurological
2. neurons/synapses
3. decrease
4. decrease
5. prefrontal; frontal
6. aluminum

Question 22

senility is also associated with the cerebrum

1. in senile dementia whay memory is first to go

Answer 22

1. short term memory (putting socks on)

Question 23

the diecephalon is a BOX that consists of the:

1. roof (____)
   a. ___ gland is on top aka third eye
2. walls (____)
3. floor (____)
   a. ___ gland hanging of the bottom
4. chamber = ____

Answer 23

1. epithalamus
   a. pineal
2. thalamus
3. hypothalamus
   a. pituitary
4. third ventricle

Question 24

what is the epithalamus

1. it secretes what

Answer 24

pineal gland

melatonin

Question 25

the thalamus is the ____/processing center for ___ information

Answer 25

relay / sensory

Question 26

the hypothalamus:

1. controls thirst, ___, body ___
2. coordinated the _NS
3. coordinates the ___ system
4. secretes ____
   a. ___
5. integrates ___ and ___ commands
   a. related to ___ (conscious and unconscious)
6. pituitary gland lies ___ the hypothalamus
   a. suspended by ____

Answer 26

1. appetite; temp
2. ANS
3. endocrine
4. hormones
   a. oxytocin
5. sensory and motor
   a. emotion
6. beneath
   a. infundibulum

Question 27

these areas are coordinated with the mesencephalon

1. corpora quadrigemina which integrates ___/___ data
   a. superior colliculi (____)
   b. inferior colliculi (___)
2. red ____
   a. maintains muscle ___ and ___
3. substantia nigra: neurotransmitter ____
4. cerebral ____
   a. support the ___

Answer 27

1. visual/auditory
   a. sight
   b. sound
   SIGHT OVER SOUND
2. nucleus
   a. tone and posture
3. dopamine
4. peduncles
   a. cerebrum

Question 28

areas associated with the metencephalon

1. ___ (___ portion of metencephalon)
   a. coordinates postural/skeletal ___ of body
   b. programming of ___ movements
   c. __ hemispheres + ___ (indentation between them)
   d. ___: folds of cerebellar cortex
   e. ___ ___ = the pattern
2. ___ (___ portion of metencephalon)
   a. 4 important CNs … ?
   b. ___ center
   c. associated with sleep ___

Answer 28

1. CEREBELLUM (posterior)
   a. muscles
   b. repetitive
   c. 2 + vermis
   d. folia
   e. arbor vitae
2. PONS (anterior)
   a. C5, C6, C7, C8
   b. respiratory
   c. paralysis

Question 29

this area is associated with the myelencephalon

1. ____ ____

a. transition from ___ to ___ ___

b. 5 important CNs …?

c. autonomic centers for ___ functions

d. injury can lead to ___

e. ___ ventricle shared between this and pons

f. where white and grey matter ___

Answer 29

1. MEDULLA OBLONGATA

a. brain to spinal cord

b. C8-C12

c. visceral

d. death

e. 4th

f. switch

Question 30

limbus system = ____

1. includes many ___ spread throughout brain
2. links ___ thought with autonomic functions of brain stem
3. learning and storage of ___ term memory
4. olfactory bulb = sense of ___
   a. most hard wired sense associated with ___

Answer 30

YOUR MEMORY

1. nuclei
2. conscious
3. LONG
4. smell; memory

Question 31

synesthesia = typically a hereditary ___ condition

1. cross wiring of ___ and special ____
   a. taste __ and see ___
2. common among ___ and poets

Answer 31

neurological

1. senses and special senses
   a. taste colors and see sounds
2. artists

Question 32

elaborations of the dura mater

1. flax cerebri runs between the ___ hemispheres
2. flax cerebelli runs between the ___ hemispheres
3. tentorium cerebelli runs between ___ and ___ aka a TENT
4. diaphragma sellae encloses the ___ gland
5. ___ sinuses
6. ___ meninges are continuous with ___ meninges

Answer 32

1. cerebral
2. cerebellar
3. cerebrum and cerebellum
4. pituitary
5. dural
6. spinal ; cerebral

Question 33

CSF FLOW

1. ___ (within ___ ventricles)

through ___ foramen

2. ___ ventricle (choroid plexus within)
3. ___ aqueduct
4. __ ventricle
   a. then through ___ OR central ___
5. both above go to ___ space
6. arachnoid ____
7. dural ___

Answer 33

1. choroid plexus (within lateral ventricles)

through interventricular foramen

2. 3rd
3. mesencephalic (or aqueduct of midbrain)
4. 4th ventricle (choroid plexus within)
   a. aperatures or central canal
5. subarachnoid space
6. granulation
7. sinus

Question 34

hydrocephalus =

1. failure of __ to escape from the ___
   a. ___ hydrocephalus
2. failure of the ___ to be returned to the ___ ___
   a. ___ hydrocephalus

Answer 34

water in the brain

1. CSF ; ventricles
   a. internal
2. CSF ; dural sinuses
   a. external