Lecture 19: How the Body Responds to Injury Flashcards
what are the cells involved in acute inflammation
neutrophil granulocytes and polymorphs
what are the 5 Rs of the inflammatory process
Recognition Recruitment Removal Regulation Resolution
what happens during vasodilation
- increased amount of blood but slower blood flow
- causes stasis of blood and an increase in hydrostatic pressure beyond normal levels
what happens during acute inflammation
1) vasodilation
2) increased vascular permeability and extravasation of fluid
3) emigration of leukocytes, primarily neutrophil polymorphs
what are the types of oedema
- exudate: high in proteins and may contain some white and red blood cells
- transudate: mainly the leaking of fluids, low in proteins
how are tissues drained of fluid
tissues drained through lymph nodes back into venous system via thoracic duct
what causes increased vascular permeability
histamine and NO cause endothelial cells to contract
how do phagocytic leukocytes leave the vasculature and what are the processes mediated by
- margination and rolling along the vessel wall. mediated by selectins upregulated by TNF and IL-I
- adhesion to the activated endothelium. mediated by VCAM-I and ICAM-I integrins upregulated by TNF and IL-I
- emigration through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissues. mediated by CD31 / PECAM-I
what allows amoeboid movement of the leukocytes
leukocyte forms processes from contractile cytoplasmic microtubules
what are the mediators in vasodilation
- histamine
- NO
- prostaglandins
what are the mediators in increased vascular permeability
- histamine
- bradykinin
- leukotrienes
- complement C3a and C5a
what are the mediators in chemotaxis and leukocyte recruitment
- TNF
- IL-I
- complement C3a and C5a
what are the mediators in fever
- TNF
- IL-I
- prostaglandins
what are the mediators in pain
- prostaglandins
- bradykinin
what are the mediators in tissue and cell damage
- ROS
- NO
- lysosomal enzymes from leukocytes
