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Anatomy II Exam 3: Lectures 17-20 > Lecture 19: Gustation > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

Where are gustatory receptors housed?

A

In specialized taste buds on the surface of the tongue

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae on the tongue?

A
  • filiform
  • fungiform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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3
Q

Where are filiform papillae found on the tongue? Do these house taste buds?

A

On the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Do not house taste buds and have no sensory role in gustation

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4
Q

Where are fungiform papillae found on the tongue and do these contain taste buds?

A

On the tip and sides of the tongue. Contain only a few taste buds each

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5
Q

What is characteristic of the vallate (circumvallate) papillae of the tongue?

A

Least numerous but the largest. Arranged in an inverted V shape on the posterior dorsal surface of tongue. Each is surrounded by a deep narrow depression. Most of our taste buds are housed within the walls of these.

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6
Q

What is characteristic of the foliate papillae?

A

Not well developed on the human tongue. Extend as ridges on the posterior lateral sides. House only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood.

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7
Q

What are the 5 basic taste sensation?

A
  • salty
  • sweet
  • sour
  • bitter
  • umami
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8
Q

What is the function of olfactory supporting cells?

A

Sandwich the olfactory nerves and sustain and maintain the receptors

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9
Q

What is the function of basal cells in olfaction?

A

Stem cells that replace olfactory epithelium components

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10
Q

How many primary odors can the olfactory system recognize and how many chemical stimuli can it recognize?

A
  • 50-60 different primary odors

- thousands of other chemical stimuli

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11
Q

What is the oral cavity the initial site of?

A

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

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12
Q

What is the superior boundary of the oral cavity formed by?

A

The hard and soft palates

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13
Q

What does the inferior surface of the oral cavity contain?

A

The tongue as well as the mylohyoid muscle covered with mucosa

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14
Q

What is the vestibule of the oral cavity?

A

Space between the cheeks or lips and the gums

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15
Q

What is muscle of the cheeks?

A

Buccinator muscle

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16
Q

What is another name for the gums?

A

Gingivae

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17
Q

What is characteristic of the anterior 2/3rds of the palate and what about the posterior 1/3rd?

A

Anterior 2/3=hard and bony (hard palate)

Posterior 1/3=soft and muscular (primarily skeletal muscle)

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18
Q

During swallowing, what elevates to close off the opening of the nasopharynx?

A

The soft palate and uvula

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19
Q

What is the fauces? What are these bound by?

A

The opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
Paired muscular folds
-glossopalatine arch (anterior fold)
-pharyngopalatine arch (posterior fold)

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20
Q

What is housed between the glossopalatine arch and the pharyngopalatine arch?

A

The palatine tonsils

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21
Q

What is the lingual frenulum?

A

A thin vertical mucous membrane that attaches the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

22
Q

What does the posterior surface of the tongue contain?

A

Lingual tonsils

23
Q

About how much saliva is secreted daily?

A

Between 1 and 1.5 L

24
Q

What makes up 99% of the volume of saliva?

A

Water

25
Q

What are the 3 maintain salivary glands?

A
  • parotid glands
  • submandibular glands
  • sublingual glands
26
Q

What stimulates parotid salivary gland secretions?

A

Parasympathetic axons in CN IX

27
Q

What stimulates submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Parasympathetic axons in CN VII

28
Q

What stimulates mucus secretion in salivary glands?

A

Sympathetic stimulation from cervical ganglia

29
Q

What are the largest salivary glands?

A

Parotid

30
Q

Where are parotid glands located?

A

Anterior and inferior to the ear partially overlying the masseter muscle

31
Q

About what percent of the saliva is produced in the parotid glands?

A

25-30%

32
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into in the oral cavity?

A

Into the vestibule next to the second upper molar

33
Q

Where are submandibular glands located?

A

Inferior to the body of the mandible

34
Q

About what percent of the saliva do the submandibular glands produce?

A

About 60-70%

35
Q

Where does the duct of the submandibular gland open into?

A

Through the papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

36
Q

Where are the sublingual glands located?

A

Inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa

37
Q

What is characteristic of the ducts of the sublingual glands and where do these open into?

A

Each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, posterior to the submandibular duct papilla

38
Q

What percent of the saliva is produced by the sublingual glands?

A

3-5%

39
Q

What type of secretions come from the parotid gland?

A

Only serous

40
Q

What type of secretions come from the submandibular gland?

A

Both mucous and serous

41
Q

What type of secretions come from the sublingual gland?

A

Both mucous and serous

42
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • moistens ingested food and helps turn it into a semisolid bolus that is more easily swallowed
  • moistens and cleanses the oral cavity structures
  • inhibits bacterial growth in oral cavity
  • watery medium into which food molecules are dissolved so taste receptors can be stimulated
43
Q

What all parts does a tooth have?

A

An exposed crown
A constricted neck
One or more roots that anchor it to the jaw

44
Q

What are dental alveoli?

A

Sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible in which the roots of the teeth fit tightly into

45
Q

How many teeth does an infant gain and when do these appear?

A

20 deciduous teeth that erupt between 6 month and 30 months after birth

46
Q

How many permanent teeth replace the baby teeth?

A

32

47
Q

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

A

Voluntary
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

48
Q

What happens during the voluntary phase of swallowing?

A

Bonus of food is pushed by tongue against hard palate and then moves toward oropharynx

49
Q

What happens during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

As bogus moves into the oropharynx, the soft palate closes off the nasopharynx, the epiglottis closes over laryngeal opening

50
Q

What happens during the esophageal phase of swallowing?

A

Esophageal muscle contractions push bonus toward stomach; soft palate and epiglottis return to their pre-swallowing positions

Anatomy II Exam 3: Lectures 17-20 (5 decks)

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