Lecture 17: Brain: Cortices, Nuclei And Tracts Flashcards
Is the cortex gray or white matter?
Gray matter
The following characteristics from the Langdon table belong to which group?
- Brain larger relative to body size
- clear development of the cerebrum beyond an olfactory function
- cerebrum larger in proportion to the rest of the brain
- neocortex
- complex limbic system
- visual processing centered in cerebral cortex
Mammals
The following characteristics from the Langdon table belong to which group?
- cerebrum extremely large relative to body size
- lateralization of the cerebrum
- areas of the left hemisphere specialized for language
- expanded limbic cortex
Humans
What are the 3 initial brain vesicles?
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
When do the initial brain vesicles develop in gestation?
By the end of the fourth week of development
What are the 5 secondary brain vesicles?
Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
What does the telencephalon form from and what does this become?
From the prosencephalon and becomes the cerebrum
What does the diencephalon form from and what does this become?
From prosencephalon and forms the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
What does the mesencephalon form from and what does this become?
It remains as in week 4 of development
What does the metencephalon form from and what does this become?
From the rhombencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum
What does the myelencephalon form from and what does this become?
From the rhombencephalon forms the medulla oblongata
When are the 5 secondary brain vesicles differentiated by?
Week 5 of gestation
What are the 4 major regions of the brain?
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem and the cerebellum
What cortices and association areas are within the frontal lobe?
- primary motor cortex
- premotor cortex
- motor speech area (Brocas)
- frontal eye fields
What cortices and association areas are within the parietal lobe?
- primary somatosensory cortex
- somatosensory association area
- part of wernickes area
- part of gnostic area
What cortices and association areas are within the temporal lobe?
- primary auditory cortex
- primary olfactory cortex
- auditory association area
- olfactory association area
- part of Wernickes area
- Part of gnostic area
What cortices and association areas are within the occipital lobe?
- primary visual cortex
- visual association areas
What cortices and association areas are within the insula lobe?
Primary gustatory cortex
What are the primary functions of the frontal lobe?
Higher intellectual functions, personality, verbal communicaiton, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
What are the primary functions of the parietal lobe?
Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts and emotions (wernickes)
What are the primary functions of the temporal lobe?
Interpretation of auditory and olfactory sensations of auditory and olfactory experiences
What are the primary functions of the occipital lobe?
Conscious perception of visual stimuli, integration of eye focusing movements, correlation of visual images with previous visual experiences
What are the primary functions of the insula lobe?
Interpretation of taste and memory
What are primary motor and sensory cortical regions connected to and what is their function?
Connected to adjacent association areas that process and interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response