Lecture 19 - Ethanol Flashcards
what is alcohol?
a hydrocarbon with an attached OH functional group
a water soluble alcohol which crosses membranes
ethanol (EtOH)
beer and whiskey/scotch are made from:
grain
wine is made from:
grapes (sugars)
jin and vodka are made from:
potatoes
rum is made from:
molasses
brandy is made from:
fruit
tequila is made from:
agave
how much EtOH is in one drink?
13.98g (per every 0.6oz)
what are the four stages of alcohol use?
1) abstinent: no drinking
2) moderate: 1-2 drinks over the course of a few days
3) bingeing: 4-5 drinks on one occassion in the last 30 days
4) heavy (alcoholic)
EtOH is mostly absorbed in the:
small intestine
does a low pH modify EtOH?
no (why the stomach doesn’t absorb EtOH)
is blood alcohol content (BAC) higher in males or females per drink?
females (different body composition, physically smaller)
a full stomach will slow someone’s overall blood alcohol content (BAC) because:
it slows the passage of EtOH into the stomach
what is the formula for blood alcohol content?
BAC = (mg EtOH) / (100mL blood)
larger people have a lower BAC because:
they have a greater body volume
leaner people have a lower BAC because:
greater water volume in the body (more vol for EtOH to distribute into)
the small size of EtOH allows it to pass into the:
brain
true or false: females tend to be smaller and leaner than men
false, they are smaller but are LESS lean
do men and women distribute alcohol differently?
yes
go review slide 162
I hear your heartbeat to the beat of the drum (bum bum!)
what are the acute effects of alcohol consumption on cognition?
- inhibited decision making and judgements
- unstable mood and heightened emotions
- decreased anxiety
- increased aggression
- increased addiction
- affects sleep cycles
- impaired memory
- impaired balance and coordination
- vision impeded and inhibited taste and smell
- reduced perception of pain
what are the acute effects of alcohol consumption on circulation?
- dilates blood vessels of the skin
- reduces blood clotting (thins blood)
- increased HDL levels
what are the acute effects of alcohol consumption on the kidneys?
inhibited ADH and increased urination