lecture 19 - Cross Cultural Development Flashcards
What does culture encompass?
knowledge, customs, beliefs, art, law, traditions, morals and memes.
How did farming help to develop cultural differences between the East and the West?
- In the West, individual farms allowed farmers to support their families. In the East, irrigation was difficult, this meant people had to work together to feed their communities.
How did philosophy help to develop cultural differences between the East and the West?
In the West philosophers looked at components, in the East philosophers looked at the whole.
What are WEIRD people?
Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic
According to Arnett (2008) how many times more likely are undergraduates to be participants in psychology experiments than other people?
Undergrads are 4000 times more likely to be participants in psychology experiments than other people (Arnett, 2008)
What are the 6 universal human emotions according to Ekman and Friesen (1975)?
anger, disgust, fear, sad, surprise and happy
According to Segel (1966) why were there cultural differences in illusion perception?
exposure to elements like carpentered corners led to cultural differences in illusion perception
What is the most commonly observed and valued attachment style in Germany?
The most valued attachment style in Germany is the avoidant attachment style
What did Davidoff and co find about colour categorisation?
- Davidoff and colleagues changed the view that colours are categorised universally. It was found that colour corresponds to colour terms of the speaker’s language. Equally spaced colours are judged unequally by speakers of different languages.
What type of spatial references do english speakers typically use? As compared with most language?
English speakers typically use egocentric references, in contrast with most languages
How do we start life in terms of reasoning?
We start life allocentric but move to egocentric reasoning as a consequence of language
What have Nisbett, Masuda and co proposed regarding East and West differences?
Nisbett and colleagues have proposed that thinking in the West can be described as analytical whereas thinking in the East is holistic
What is analytical thinking defined by?
Analytical thinking is defined by focus on salient objects and organisation of environment according to categorical rules.
What is holistic thinking defined by?
- Holistic thinking is define by interest in contextual information and the use of perceptual similarities when organising the world.
