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z a&p chapters 10-12 > Lecture #19 Chapter 11 (ANS and Plexuses) > Flashcards

Lecture #19 Chapter 11 (ANS and Plexuses) Flashcards

1
Q

CNS contains what?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS contains what?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Two divisions of the nervous system?

A

PNS and CNS

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4
Q

Two divisions of PNS?

A

Sensory and Motor divisions

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5
Q

Two divisions of motor division?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

Two divisions of autonomic division?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

What does the somatic division control?

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What does the autonomic division control?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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9
Q

Each spinal root splits into a ____ and a ____ ____ inside the vertebral column?

A

Dorsal… ventral root

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10
Q

What is the function of a dorsal/posterior root?

A

Sensory root

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11
Q

What is a dorsal root ganglion?

A

A collection of cell bodies of the sensory neurons whose axons conduct impulses from periphery body parts into the spinal cord

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12
Q

What type of root is the ventral/anterior root?

A

Motor root

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13
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

The union of the ventral and dorsal roots

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14
Q

____ + ____ = mixed nerve

A

Ventral … dorsal

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15
Q

What are the four branches of spinal nerves outside the spinal cord?

A

-Meningeal branch
-Dorsal branch/ramus
-Ventral branch/ramus
-Visceral branch (only in thoracic and lumbar)

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16
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A complex network formed by ventral rami of spinal nerves

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17
Q

Plexus comes for the greek work ____?

A

Braided

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18
Q

There is no plexus for ____-____; for these spinal nerves, the rami become ____ nerves?

A

T2-T12… intercostal

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19
Q

Fibers of various spinal nerves are ____ and ____, so all fibers heading to the same peripheral body part reach it in the ____ ____?

A

Sorted and recombined… same nerve

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20
Q

What are the three nerve plexuses?

A

-Cervical C1-C4
Brachial C5-T1
Lumbosacral L1-S4

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21
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by ____ ____ ____-____ and lies deep within the ____?

A

Ventral branches C5-T1… shoulders

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22
Q

What are the five branches of the brachial plexus?

A

-Musculocutaneous
-Ulnar
-Median
-Radial
-Axillary

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23
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve do?

A

Muscles of anterior arms and skin of forearms

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24
Q

Ulnar and median nerves do?

A

Muscles of forearms, and skin and muscles of the hands

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25
Q

Radial nerve do?

A

Posterior muscles of arms, and skin of the hands and forearms

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26
Q

Axillary nerve do?

A

Muscles and skin of anterior, lateral, and posterior arms

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27
Q

What is the lumbosacral plexus formed by?

A

Anterior branches of L1-S4

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28
Q

The lumbosacral plexus extends from the ____ ____ into the ____ ____?

A

Lumbar region… pelvic cavity

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29
Q

What are the three branches of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

-Obturator nerve
-Femoral nerve
-Sciatic nerve

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30
Q

Obturator nerve do?

A

Supplies motor impulses to the adductors of the thigh

31
Q

Femoral nerve do?

A

Supplies motor impulses to muscles of anterior thigh and sensory impulses from skin and legs

32
Q

Sciatic nerve do?

A

Supplies muscles and skin of thighs, legs, and feet; largest and longest nerve in the body

33
Q

ANS?

A

Autonomic nervous system

34
Q

The ANS is a branch of the ____ which is ____ controlled?

A

PNS… involunatarily

35
Q

What are the five functions of the ANS?

A

-Controls visceral activities
-Regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
-Helps maintain homeostasis
-Helps the body respond to stress
-Prepares the body for intense physical activity

36
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division

37
Q

When is the sympathetic division most active?

A

Under energy-requiring, stressful situations

38
Q

When is the parasympathetic division most active?

A

Under resting, non-stressful conditions

39
Q

Two functions of sympathetic division?

A

-Fight or flight
-Speeds body up

40
Q

Two functions of parasympathetic division?

A

-Rest and digest
-Slows body down

41
Q

Most ___ receive input from both the ____ and ____ division?

A

Organ… sympathetic and parasympathetic

42
Q

All of the autonomic nerve fibers are ____/____?

A

Motor/efferent

43
Q

ANS conduction uses a total of ____ neurons in a ____ ____?

A

Four… reflex arc

44
Q

Preganglionic fibers?

A

Neuron cell bodies are in the CNS

45
Q

Postganglionic fibers?

A

Neuron cell bodies are in the ganglia; extends to the visceral effector

46
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS is the ____ ____?

A

Thoracolumbar division (T1-L2)

47
Q

Four facts about preganglionic fibers?

A

-Originate in the spinal cord
-leave via ventral roots
-Leave spinal nerves through white rami
-Enter sympathetic chain (paravertebral) ganglia

48
Q

Sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

AKA paravertebral ganglia, form chains along the vertebral column

49
Q

Sympathetic trunks?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia + the fibers that connect them

50
Q

Preganglionic fibers synapse with a ____ ____ in ____ ____. Continue through the paravertebral ganglion and synapse at another ____ ___. Then pass through to ____ ____ to ____ there?

A

Postganglionic neuron… paravertebral ganglion… sympathetic ganglion… collateral ganglia…. synapse

51
Q

Postganglionic fibers extend from ____ ____ to ____ ____ ____?

A

Sympathetic ganglia… visceral effector organs

52
Q

Postganglionic fibers that originate at ____ ____ usually pass through ____ ___ and return to a ____ ____ before proceeding to an ____?

A

Paravertebral ganglia… gray rami… spinal nerve… effector

53
Q

What is the exception when preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic ganglia?

A

When they go to the adrenal medulla (adrenal medulla)

54
Q

The parasympathetic division is also known as the ____ ____?

A

Craniosacral division

55
Q

Preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division originate in the ____ and ____-____ spinal levels.

A

Brainstem and S2-S4

56
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the head include ___, ___, and ___?

A

Oculomotor III, facial VII, and glossopharyngeal IX

57
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the thorax and abdomen are parts of ____ ____, which contains ____ of all parasympathetic fibers?

A

Vagus (X) nerves… 75%

58
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sacral (S2-S4) region of the spinal cord carry impulses to ____ ____?

A

Pelvic viscera

59
Q

What do cholinergic neurons release?

A

Acetylcholine

60
Q

What are cholinergic nerurons?

A

-All preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
-Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

61
Q

What do adrenergic neurons release?

A

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

62
Q

What are adrenergic neurons?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

63
Q

What does monoamine oxidase (MAO) do?

A

Clears norepinephrine from the the synapse

64
Q

The parasympathetic division contains ____ postganglionic fibers and ____ preganglionic fibers?

A

Short… long

65
Q

The sympathetic division contains ____ postganglionic fibers and ____ preganglionic fibers?

A

Long… short

66
Q

What are the four types of autonomic neurotransmitter receptors?

A

Cholinergic receptors
-Muscarinic receptors (excitatory, slow)
-Nicotinic receptors (excitatory, rapid)
Adrenergic receptors
-alpha receptors
-beta receptors

67
Q

The autonomic nervous system is controlled mostly by the ____ via involuntary processes?

A

Hypothalamus

68
Q

What does the medulla oblongata regulate?

A

Cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory activities

69
Q

Overtime the brain shrinks by ____?

A

10%

70
Q

Overtime more ____ ____ than ____ ____?

A

Gray matter… white matter

71
Q

By age ____, the frontal cortex has lost ____ its neurons?

A

90…. half

72
Q

Over time, a decrease in ____ occurs and ____ ____ slow?

A

Neurotransmitter and action potentials

73
Q

As people age the result is?

A

Fading memory, slowed responses and reflexes, and increased risk of fainting/falling

74
Q

Lifespan changes in the nervous system?

A

-Over your lifetime, the brain shrinks by 10%
-More gray matter is lost than white matter
-By age 90, the frontal cortex has lost half its neurons
-Decrease in levels of neurotransmitters
-Action potential rates decline
-Results in: fading memory, slowed responses & reflexes, increased risk of fainting/falling

z a&p chapters 10-12 (5 decks)

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