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Neuroanatomy Block 3 > Lecture 19: Cerebellum > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Some functions of the cerebellum

A
  1. Correction of future movements
  2. Coordinating willed movements
  3. Motor learning
  4. No role in conciousness
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2
Q

How does the cerebellum improve volitional movements?

A

Uses musculoskeletal proprioceptors to tell where limbs are; does calculations and tells cerebrum how to better do the action

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3
Q

Most obvious signs of cerebellar dysfunction

A
  1. Unsteadiness of volitional movement
  2. Unsteadiness of sustained volitional posture
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4
Q

Three lobes of the cerebellum

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Flocculonodular
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5
Q

Longitudinal parts of the cerebellum

A
  1. Left Hemisphere
  2. Right Hemisphere
  3. Midline vermis
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6
Q

What part of the embryonic brain does the cerebellum come from?

A

Metencephalon

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7
Q

What does the flocculonodular lobe do in the cerebellum?

A

Constitutes the vestibulocerebellum; process movements of the head in releation to gravity

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8
Q

Place the cerebellar lobes in order by evolution time

A
  1. Flocculonodular
  2. Anterior
  3. Posterior
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9
Q

What does the anterior lobe of the cerebellum do?

A

Processes proprioceptive info from the limbs and trunk

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10
Q

Name the peduncles of the cerebellum

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
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11
Q

Types of fibers in the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Axons heading from basilar pons to cerebellum crossing the midline

Info from contra motor cortex

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12
Q

What kinds of fibers are found in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Inputs from spinocerebellar, trigeminocerebellar, inferior olive, and vestibular nerves

Outputs to tectospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal

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13
Q

What kinds of fibers does the superior cerebellar peduncle have?

A

Outputs from deep cerebellar nuclei across the brain to red nucleus, VA/VL in thalamus. These then go to pre-motor and motor cortex.

Primary output peduncle!

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14
Q

Two types of afferent fibers to cerebellum

A
  1. Mossy
  2. Climbing
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15
Q

Major output cells of the cerebellum

A
  • Deep cerebellar nuclei
  • Dentate, interposed, and fastigial
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16
Q

Purkinge cells of the cerebellum

A

Affected by both mossy and climbing fibers directly or indirectly via granule cells

17
Q

Where do mossy fibers arise from?

A
  1. Spinocerebellar fibers
  2. Pontocerebellar fibers
  3. Vestibulocerebellar system
18
Q

What mossy fibers enter the inferior peduncle?

A

Spinocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar

19
Q

What mossy fibers enter the middle peduncle?

A

Pontocerebellar

20
Q

Where do climbing fibers arise from and go to?

A

Come from inferior olive via inferior peduncle

21
Q

What side of the body does the cerebellum deal with?

A

Ipsilateral

22
Q

What side of the body does the motor cortex deal with?

A

Contralateral

23
Q

UMNs in left motor cortex synapse where?

A

LEFT basilar pontine gray

24
Q

Where does a signal from the left motor cortex cross to the right side of the body?

A

Left pontine cells send axons across via middle cerebellar peduncle as mossy fibers

25
Q

How do muscles communicate their status to the cerebellum?

A

Proprioceptors send info to ipsilateral cerebellum via dorsal spinocerebellar tract and inferior cerebellar peduncle as mossy fibers

26
Q

Know the cerebellar pathways (picture)

A
27
Q

What three arteries supply the cerebellum?

A
  1. Superior cerebellar artery
  2. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  3. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
28
Q

Infarts of what artery cause Wallenberg’s or Lateral medullary syndrom?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

29
Q

Intention tremor

A

Tremor at the end of a purposeful movement

30
Q

Four major cerebellar signs

A
  1. Ataxia (Decreased coordination)
  2. Tremor (Intention and postural)
  3. Hypotonia (Reduced muscle tone)
  4. Asthenia (Decreased muscle length)
31
Q

Titubation

A

Low frequency tremor of head and trunk around 3 Hz

32
Q

Other names for intention tremor

A
  • End-point tremor
  • Kinetic tremor
33
Q

Nystagmus

A

Uncoordinated oscillations of the eye

34
Q

Scanning speech

A

Voice varies from low to high volume; wrong syllables are stressed

35
Q

Clinical test for dystaxia of gait

A

Tandem (tightrope) walking

36
Q

Dysmetria

A

Cerebellar patient will often over- or undershoot muscle movement, like when trying to touch their nose

Neuroanatomy Block 3 (18 decks)

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