Lecture 15: Intro Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

Four lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 2

Central Sulcus

Answer 2

Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe

Question 3

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 3

Divides the right from the left hemispheres

Question 4

Transverse Fissure

Answer 4

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Question 5

Sylvian/Lateral Fissure

Answer 5

Divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. Covers the insula.

Question 6

Define gyri and sulci

Answer 6

Gyri- elevated ridges winding around the brain

Sulci- Small grooves dividing the gyri

Question 7

Where do corticocortical fibers go?

Answer 7

Locally, Distant within lobe, or to the opposite lobe via the corpus callosum

Question 8

Where do corticospinal fibers go?

Answer 8

Brain to spinal cord

Question 9

Where do corticobulbar fibers go?

Answer 9

Brain to brainstem

Question 10

Where do corticothalamic fibers go?

Answer 10

Brain to thalamus

Question 11

Where do corticostriatal fibers go?

Answer 11

Brain to basal ganglia

Question 12

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 12

Connects cortex of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

Question 13

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 13

Connects temporal and occipital lobes

Question 14

Uncinate fasciculus

Answer 14

Connects frontal lobe to rostral part of temporal lobe

Question 15

Cingulum

Answer 15

Runs within the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri

Question 16

Number of layers in neocortex

Answer 16

6

Question 17

Name the 4 types of functional regions in the brain

Answer 17

Primary sensory
Primary motor
Association area
Limbic area

Question 18

Stimulation of primary motor cortex

Answer 18

Activates fine movements

Question 19

Main functions of association cortex

Answer 19

Process raw sensory signals
Remember them
Create new ideas
Formulate actions via motor

Question 20

Unimodal sensory area (secondary)

Answer 20

Receive inputs from primary area for more complicated processing

Question 21

Supplementary motor complex

Answer 21

Projects to brainstem/spinal cord
Complex patterns
High threshold
Receives inputs from other areas
Internally generated movement

Question 22

Lateral pre-motor cortex

Answer 22

Project to brainstem/spinal cord
Complex patterns
Inputs from other cortices
Externally generated movements

Question 23

Multimodal cortex

Answer 23

Receives and integrates pre-processed signals

Question 24

Spatial Neglect

Answer 24

Right hemisphere senses whole visual field.

Left Hemisphere senses right field.

Question 25

How many layers does paleocortex have?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

How many layers does archicortex have?

Answer 26

4

Question 27

Main bundle of corticofugal axons

Answer 27

Internal Capsule

Question 28

What primary cortex is located in the occipital lobe?

Answer 28

Vision

Question 29

What primary cortex is located in the parietal lobe?

Answer 29

Somatosensory

Question 30

What primary cortex is located in the temporal lobe?

Answer 30

Auditory

Question 31

General functions of the insula lobe

Answer 31

Taste/flavor
Body and pain awareness
Regulation of autonomic function
Time perception

Question 32

General function of the limbic lobe

Answer 32

Emotions
Memory and learning
Drive related behaviors

Question 33

General function of the occipital lobe

Answer 33

Primary, secondary, and higher order visual association

Question 34

General function of the temporal lobe

Answer 34

Primary and secondary auditory functions
Wernicke’s area- comprehension of language
Visual and cognitive processing
Parahippocampal gyrus- learning and memory

Question 35

General function of the frontal lobe

Answer 35

Primary somato- and viscerosensory reception/integration
Secondary somatosensory
Association areas, integration of auditory/visual info
Body image and spatial orientations
Near the back- Wernicke’s area- comprehension of language