Lecture 15: Intro Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
Four lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Central Sulcus
Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe
Longitudinal Fissure
Divides the right from the left hemispheres
Transverse Fissure
Separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
Divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. Covers the insula.
Define gyri and sulci
Gyri- elevated ridges winding around the brain
Sulci- Small grooves dividing the gyri
Where do corticocortical fibers go?
Locally, Distant within lobe, or to the opposite lobe via the corpus callosum
Where do corticospinal fibers go?
Brain to spinal cord
Where do corticobulbar fibers go?
Brain to brainstem
Where do corticothalamic fibers go?
Brain to thalamus
Where do corticostriatal fibers go?
Brain to basal ganglia
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Connects cortex of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Connects temporal and occipital lobes
Uncinate fasciculus
Connects frontal lobe to rostral part of temporal lobe
Cingulum
Runs within the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri
Number of layers in neocortex
6
Name the 4 types of functional regions in the brain
Primary sensory
Primary motor
Association area
Limbic area
Stimulation of primary motor cortex
Activates fine movements
Main functions of association cortex
Process raw sensory signals
Remember them
Create new ideas
Formulate actions via motor
Unimodal sensory area (secondary)
Receive inputs from primary area for more complicated processing
Supplementary motor complex
Projects to brainstem/spinal cord Complex patterns High threshold Receives inputs from other areas Internally generated movement
Lateral pre-motor cortex
Project to brainstem/spinal cord
Complex patterns
Inputs from other cortices
Externally generated movements
Multimodal cortex
Receives and integrates pre-processed signals
Spatial Neglect
Right hemisphere senses whole visual field.
Left Hemisphere senses right field.
How many layers does paleocortex have?
3
How many layers does archicortex have?
4
Main bundle of corticofugal axons
Internal Capsule
What primary cortex is located in the occipital lobe?
Vision
What primary cortex is located in the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory
What primary cortex is located in the temporal lobe?
Auditory
General functions of the insula lobe
Taste/flavor
Body and pain awareness
Regulation of autonomic function
Time perception
General function of the limbic lobe
Emotions
Memory and learning
Drive related behaviors
General function of the occipital lobe
Primary, secondary, and higher order visual association
General function of the temporal lobe
Primary and secondary auditory functions
Wernicke’s area- comprehension of language
Visual and cognitive processing
Parahippocampal gyrus- learning and memory
General function of the frontal lobe
Primary somato- and viscerosensory reception/integration
Secondary somatosensory
Association areas, integration of auditory/visual info
Body image and spatial orientations
Near the back- Wernicke’s area- comprehension of language
