Lecture 19 - Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Question 1

What is a constitutional isomer?

Answer 1

order of atoms changes

Question 2

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 2

Same connectivity but different spatial organizations

Question 3

Configurational isomers have what?

Answer 3

Chiral carbons

Question 4

What are enantiomers?

Answer 4

mirror images at all chiral centers

Question 5

Diastereomers are not what?

Answer 5

mirror images overall

Question 6

_________ are the cyclical versions of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Haworth projections

Question 7

The anomeric carbon is which carbon?

Answer 7

first carbon to the right of the O

Question 8

Beta is? Alpha is?

Answer 8

Beta is Up, Alpha is Down

Question 9

Anomers differ at?

Answer 9

The anomeric Carbon

Question 10

Epimers differ at?

Answer 10

Any other C than the anomeric C

Question 11

L side goes? R side goes?

Answer 11

L side goes up, R side goes down.

Question 12

These isomers have reversible rotation changes?

Answer 12

Conformational isomers

Question 13

Be able to recognize both fisher and Hayworth projections and say if they are the same structure or not

Answer 13

!!

Question 15

Fucose is a derivative of?

Answer 15

Galactose?

Question 16

Fucose is L or D?

Answer 16

L

Question 17

This adds negative charge to carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Phosphate

Question 18

Carbohydrates are oxidized where?

Answer 18

Carbonyl

Question 19

this carbohydrate can cause cataracts

Answer 19

Sorbitol

Question 20

What are alditols?

Answer 20

Reduction at the carbonyl

Question 21

Amylose has which linkages?

Answer 21

Alpha-linkages

Question 22

Cellulose has which kind of structures?

Answer 22

B-linkages

Question 23

Which strucural polysaccharide is essentially universal?

Answer 23

Chitin

Question 24

glycoproteins?

Answer 24

Protein>sugar

Question 25

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 25

Sugar>Protein

Question 26

Mucins?

Answer 26

Sugar>protein