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Biochemistry Exam II > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutional Isomer

A

order of atoms changes

tautomers

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2
Q

Fischer Projections

A

Drawing monosaccharides

carbon numbering begins at carbonyl end of aldose

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3
Q

Stereoisomers

A

same connectivity but different spatial organization

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4
Q

Configurational Isomers

A

chiral carbons

enantiomers and diastereomers

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5
Q

Enantiomers

A

mirror images at all chiral centers

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6
Q

Diastereomers

A

have multiple chiral centers

are not mirror images

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7
Q

Haworth Projections

A

cyclical version of carbohydrates

can convert fischer to haworth

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8
Q

Anomers

A

differ only at the anomeric C (carbonyl carbon, directly connected to O in ring)

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9
Q

Epimers

A

differ at any carbon other than the anomeric carbon

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10
Q

Conformational isomers

A

reversible rotational changes

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11
Q

Glyceraldehyde

A

Triose, aldose two carbons not on C=O

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12
Q

Ribose

A

Pentose, aldose, 4 carbons not on C=O

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13
Q

Glucose

A

Hexose, aldose, 5 C not C=O and middle C has OH to the right

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14
Q

Galactose

A

Hexose, aldose, 5 C not C=O and middle C has OH to the left

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15
Q

Dihydroxyacetone

A

Triose, Ketose, middle C is C=O

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16
Q

Ribulose

A

Pentose, Ketose, Second C is C=O

17
Q

Fructose

A

Hexose, Ketose, second C is C=O

18
Q

Glycosides are formed when:

A

one or more hydroxyls are replaced

19
Q

5 ways to replace a hydroxyl to form a Glycoside

A

Fucose, Ester (phosphorylation), RedOx (alcohol), N-linkages (Amino sugars and nucleotides), O-linakges (methylation or toxins)

20
Q

Regular monosaccharides

A

D-Glucose
D-Galactose
D-Mannose
D-Xylose

21
Q

Oddball Monosaccharide

A

L- fucose
Excess in blood indicates liver damage, cancer, diabetes, heart disease

Only L made or used by animals

22
Q

Amino Sugars

A

GlcNAc
GalNAc
Sialic Acid

23
Q

Roles of Polysaccharides

A

Glucose Storage, structure, protein diversity

24
Q

Glucose Storage

A

alpha linkages

25
Q

Structural Role

A

Beta linkages

eg- Cellulose, chitin

26
Q

Protein Diversity role

A

Glycoproteins, mucins, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans

27
Q

Glycoproteins

A

protein>sugar
cell adhesion for mem proteins
cell signaling on soluble proteins

28
Q

glycosaminoglycans

A

sugar>protein
repeating disaccharide units
sugar component of proteoglycans
eg- cartilage, blood clotting, chitin

29
Q

Mucins

A

sugar>protein

lubrication = protection + hydration

Biochemistry Exam II (7 decks)

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