Lecture 14

Question 1

Substrate level control

Answer 1

acts on a single reaction

Question 2

Feedback control

Answer 2

targets a different step in the pathway

Question 3

Activators

Answer 3

promote more products

Question 4

Inhibitors

Answer 4

prevent more products

Question 5

Isozymes

Answer 5

“Mix and match” subunits

catalyze the same reaction but with different efficiencies

Question 6

tissue specificity

Answer 6

compartmentalized isozymes

Question 7

development

Answer 7

temporal expression of isozymes

Question 8

Reversible covalent modifications

Answer 8

• add functional group[s] to activate or inactivate enzyme

- post-translational modifications create nonproteinogenic AA

Question 9

Kinases

Answer 9

add phosphates

Question 10

Phosphatases

Answer 10

remove phosphates

Question 11

What does the name of a kinase mean?

Answer 11

it indicates which AA the phosphate will be added to

Question 12

Allostery

Answer 12

allosteric binding does not occur at active site

can still inhibit or promote reaction

Question 13

CTP Binding

Answer 13

prefers T/inactive state

Question 14

ATP Binding

Answer 14

prefers R/active state

Question 15

Protein Synthesis Regulation

Answer 15

ON/OFF switch
two levels of control:
-transc reg at promoters
-transl reg at UTRs

Question 16

Histones:

• Acetylation
• Phosphorylation
• Methylation

Answer 16

control transcription

• promotes transc
• prevents transc
• promotes or prevents transc

Question 17

Proteolytic Activation

Answer 17

irreversible covalent modification

Question 18

Zymogen

Answer 18

inactive form of

Question 19

Proteolytic Activation of Chymotrypsin

Answer 19

active vs inactive

affects both primary and secondary structure

Question 20

Common covalent modification

Answer 20

Lipid: myrisitc acid and farnesyl

Nut acids: adp ribose

Protein: ubiquitin

Carbs: greatest source of diversity