Lecture 19 - 20 Flashcards
What are the functions of bones?
Support
Protection
Leverage
Storage (calcium mainly)
Hematopoiesis
What are the 4 types of bones?
Long Bones
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones
Short Bones
What percentage of bone is inorganic and what are the top components (3)?
67%
Top inorganic components are calcium, phosphate, carbonate
What percentage of bone is organic and what are the top components?
33%
Collagen Type-1 and Proteoglycans
Osteon
fundamental functional unit of bone consisting of concentric layers of lamelle
Lamellae
concentric layers of compact bone
Osteocytes
mature cells - pass nutrients and gasses through canaliculi
Canaliculi
microscopic canals where osteocytes pass gasses
Lacunae
cavity/pits that hold osteocytes
Red bone marrow
site of blood production known as hematopoiesis
Yellow bone marow
stored fat
Osteoprogenitors
stem-cell like
Osteoclasts
breakdown bone
Osteoblasts
build bone; secrete osteoid
Osteoid
immature unmineralized gel-like component of bone; but will become mineralized
Intramembranous Osssification
mostly for flat bones; stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts; no cartilage precursor
Endochondral Ossification
mostly for long, short, and irregular bones; stem cells differentiate into chondroblasts (which lay hyaline cartilage) that die and form a cavity where osteoprogenitor cells invade the cavities and deposit osteoid
Ossification
bone formation
Adult Bone Remodeling Reasons
- adjust bone architecture to meet changing mechanical needs
- to repair microdamage and prevent accumulation of old bone
- to maintain plasma calcium homeostasis