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Unit 4 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What joint has no direct articulation between the ulna and the carpals?

A

Wrist Joint

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2
Q

Why is the styloid process of the ulna important?

A

It’s the distal attachment of the brachioradialis

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3
Q

Why is the Lister’s tubercle on the radius important?

A

It is used as an anatomical landmark for examinations of the wrist

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4
Q

What are the Extensor Compartments of the radius?

A

Anatomical tunnels that allow tendons to pass from the forearm to the wrist and into the hand

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5
Q

Why is the ulnar notch important?

A

It allows the radius to move smoothly on the ulna, which is important for forearm rotation

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6
Q

Why are the scaphoid and lunate facets on the radius important?

A

They are important for both motion and stability of the wrist joint

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7
Q

How many carpal bones do you have in your hand?

A

8 (2 rows)

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8
Q

What are the names of the 8 carpal bones? (2 rows)

A

Row 1: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Row 2: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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9
Q

How many metacarpal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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10
Q

How many phalanges do you have in your hand?

A

14

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11
Q

How many proximal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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12
Q

How many middle bones do you have in your hand?

A

4

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13
Q

How many distal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Wrist joint

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15
Q

Where is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Just above the wrist joint

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16
Q

What does TFCC stand for?

A

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

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17
Q

What makes up the distal radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius, Scaphoid, Lunate, and Triquetrum

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18
Q

What is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

Where the thumb’s metacarpal bone meets the wrist’s trapezium carpal bone

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19
Q

What are the functions of the metacarpals?

A

FLX/EXT and ABD/ADD

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20
Q

When performing ABD/ADD, which finger is the axis?

A

Middle finger (3)

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21
Q

Why is the middle finger the axis of the hand?

A

Doesn’t have much movement

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22
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Interphalangeal joint

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23
Q

What does PIP stand for?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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24
Q

What does DIP stand for?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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25
Which hand joints only have FLX/EXT?
IP, PIP, and DIP
26
How many IP joints are there?
1
27
How many PIP joints are there?
4
28
How many DIP joints are there?
4
29
What ligament is the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum/Transverse carpal ligament
30
What is the Guyon's canal?
A tunnel that houses the deep ulnar nerve
31
What is the purpose of the Pisohamate Ligament?
It's an extension of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon that connects the pisiform bone to the hook of the hamate
32
Which ligament does the ulnar nerve pass through?
Palmar Carpal Ligament
33
What is the extensor retinaculum?
A fibrous band of tissue that holds tendons in place
34
How many different compartments are in the extensor retinaculum?
6
35
What is in the 1st compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus
36
What is in the 2nd compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
37
What is in the 3rd compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Pollicis Longus
38
What is in the 4th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Digitorium and Extensor Indicis
39
What is in the 5th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Digiti Minimi
40
What is in the 6th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
41
True or False: Each compartment is wrapped independently
True
42
What is the clinical importance of the snuff box?
Palpation of scaphoid for fracture diagnosis
43
What is the base of the snuff box?
Distal radius
44
What is the floor of the snuff box?
Scaphoid
45
What is in the snuff box of the hand?
-Superficial branch of the radial nerve -Radial artery lying on scaphoid and trapezium -cephalic vein
46
What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Impingement of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel
47
What is the diagnosis of the recurrent branch being compromised?
Thenar eminence atrophy
48
What does it mean when the proximal palmar has normal sensation?
Palmar branch is not impinged
49
What is the difference between the palmar branch and the dorsal branch?
Palmar= inside of the hand Dorsal= back or top of the hand
50
Hand terminal branches of all 3 nerves can form what? (Median, Ulnar, and Radial Nerve)
Anastomoses
51
What is the clinical importance of the sesamoid bone?
Inflammation or fracture
52
What hand muscle has skin for their distal attachment?
Palmaris Brevis
53
What tendon of the hand is bifurcated and attaches to both the radial and ulnar sides of the base of mid-phalanges?
Flexor Digitorium Superficialis
54
What muscle crosses the bifurcated superficialis tendon and attaches to the base of the distal phalanges?
Flexor Digitorium Profundus
55
Which finger is the axis for ROM measurement?
3rd finger
56
Which digit doesn't have a palmar interosseus attachment and no ADD?
3rd digit
57
Which digit has the 2nd and 3rd (antagonize each other) dorsal interossei attachment and no ABD?
3rd digit
58
Which finger has the same alignment in the feet, but around the 2nd toe?
3rd finger
59
What is the extensor hood? (Triangular aponeurosis)
A triangular connective tissue structure in the hand that allows extensor tendons to attach to the phalanges
60
What tendon runs under the extensor hood?
Extensor Digitorium tendon
61
Which muscles attach at the lumbricals and inerossei?
Intrinsic muscles
62
What's important for pinching and grasping?
FLX of MCPs and extend PIP/DIP
63
How can you tell if the ulnar nerve is damaged? ("Clawed hand")
Fingers are bent or curved at rest
64
How can you identify a "clawed hand"?
Fingers are bent or curved
65
How can you tell if the median nerve is damaged? ("Clawed hand")
Can't make a fist
66
What're the contents in the carpal tunnel?
-Flexor pollicis longus tendon (1) -Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4) -Flexor digitorium profundus tendons (4) -Median nerve (1)
67
What're the symptoms for compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel?
-Numbness/pain along radial 3.5 fingers -Weakness and atrophy of thenar eminence
68
Clawed fingers: Why are the radial side fingers not so prominent?
The ulnar nerve lesion occurs more proximally (closer to the elbow)/flexion of the IP joints are weakened
69
What happens when a patient cocks their wrist during gripping? (wrist extension)
The flexor tendons elongate for the flexor digitorium to avoid active insufficiency
70
What is the functional position of the hand with smaller items?
2nd and 3rd MCP is stable/4th and 5th saddle joints rotate when power grip occurs
71
Dermatome test areas: C4
Shoulder top
72
Dermatome test areas: C5
Lateral elbow
73
Dermatome test areas: C6
Dorsal thumn
74
Dermatome test areas: C7
Dorsal mid-finger
75
Dermatome test areas: C8
Dorsal 5th digit
76
Dermatome test areas: T1
Medial elbow
77
Dermatome test areas: T2
Axilla
78
What happens when someone has a peripheral nerve injury?
Regional functional loss/Sensory vs. Motor
79
True or False: Radiculopathy, myotomes, and dermatomes are related to spinal nerves
True
80
Myotome test areas: C5
Elbow flexors
81
Myotome test areas: C6
Wrist extensors
82
Myotome test areas: C7
Elbow extensors or wrist flexors
83
Myotome test areas: C8
DIP flexors (flexor digitorium profundus)
84
Myotome test areas: T1
Finger abductors
85
What nerves are impaired when there is a traction injury of lower nerve roots/lower trunk?
T1 and C8
86
What nerves are impaired when there is a traction injury of upper nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
C5 and C6
87
What is Erb's palsy?
Neck injury during birth to pull out the baby/Severe injury around C5 and C6/Sympathetic gangion tear
88
What diagnosis has the same signs and symptoms of Horner's syndrome?
Erb's palsy
89
Which nerve injury presents "waiter's tip posture"?
C5 and C6
90
What can you identify on an X-ray of the hand?
Sesamoids/1st, 2nd, and 5th head of metacarpals
91
What can you indentify on an MRi of the hand?
Carpals (not all showing on the same sections)/Styloid process of radius and ulna/TFCC

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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