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Unit 4 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What joint has no direct articulation between the ulna and the carpals?

A

Wrist Joint

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2
Q

Why is the styloid process of the ulna important?

A

It’s the distal attachment of the brachioradialis

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3
Q

Why is the Lister’s tubercle on the radius important?

A

It is used as an anatomical landmark for examinations of the wrist

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4
Q

What are the Extensor Compartments of the radius?

A

Anatomical tunnels that allow tendons to pass from the forearm to the wrist and into the hand

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5
Q

Why is the ulnar notch important?

A

It allows the radius to move smoothly on the ulna, which is important for forearm rotation

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6
Q

Why are the scaphoid and lunate facets on the radius important?

A

They are important for both motion and stability of the wrist joint

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7
Q

How many carpal bones do you have in your hand?

A

8 (2 rows)

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8
Q

What are the names of the 8 carpal bones? (2 rows)

A

Row 1: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Row 2: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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9
Q

How many metacarpal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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10
Q

How many phalanges do you have in your hand?

A

14

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11
Q

How many proximal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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12
Q

How many middle bones do you have in your hand?

A

4

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13
Q

How many distal bones do you have in your hand?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Wrist joint

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15
Q

Where is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Just above the wrist joint

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16
Q

What does TFCC stand for?

A

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

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17
Q

What makes up the distal radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius, Scaphoid, Lunate, and Triquetrum

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18
Q

What is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

Where the thumb’s metacarpal bone meets the wrist’s trapezium carpal bone

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19
Q

What are the functions of the metacarpals?

A

FLX/EXT and ABD/ADD

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20
Q

When performing ABD/ADD, which finger is the axis?

A

Middle finger (3)

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21
Q

Why is the middle finger the axis of the hand?

A

Doesn’t have much movement

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22
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Interphalangeal joint

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23
Q

What does PIP stand for?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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24
Q

What does DIP stand for?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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25
Q

Which hand joints only have FLX/EXT?

A

IP, PIP, and DIP

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26
Q

How many IP joints are there?

A

1

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27
Q

How many PIP joints are there?

A

4

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28
Q

How many DIP joints are there?

A

4

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29
Q

What ligament is the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum/Transverse carpal ligament

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30
Q

What is the Guyon’s canal?

A

A tunnel that houses the deep ulnar nerve

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the Pisohamate Ligament?

A

It’s an extension of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon that connects the pisiform bone to the hook of the hamate

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32
Q

Which ligament does the ulnar nerve pass through?

A

Palmar Carpal Ligament

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33
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

A fibrous band of tissue that holds tendons in place

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34
Q

How many different compartments are in the extensor retinaculum?

A

6

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35
Q

What is in the 1st compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus

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36
Q

What is in the 2nd compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

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37
Q

What is in the 3rd compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus

38
Q

What is in the 4th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Digitorium and Extensor Indicis

39
Q

What is in the 5th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Digiti Minimi

40
Q

What is in the 6th compartment of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

41
Q

True or False: Each compartment is wrapped independently

A

True

42
Q

What is the clinical importance of the snuff box?

A

Palpation of scaphoid for fracture diagnosis

43
Q

What is the base of the snuff box?

A

Distal radius

44
Q

What is the floor of the snuff box?

A

Scaphoid

45
Q

What is in the snuff box of the hand?

A

-Superficial branch of the radial nerve
-Radial artery lying on scaphoid and trapezium
-cephalic vein

46
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Impingement of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

47
Q

What is the diagnosis of the recurrent branch being compromised?

A

Thenar eminence atrophy

48
Q

What does it mean when the proximal palmar has normal sensation?

A

Palmar branch is not impinged

49
Q

What is the difference between the palmar branch and the dorsal branch?

A

Palmar= inside of the hand
Dorsal= back or top of the hand

50
Q

Hand terminal branches of all 3 nerves can form what?
(Median, Ulnar, and Radial Nerve)

A

Anastomoses

51
Q

What is the clinical importance of the sesamoid bone?

A

Inflammation or fracture

52
Q

What hand muscle has skin for their distal attachment?

A

Palmaris Brevis

53
Q

What tendon of the hand is bifurcated and attaches to both the radial and ulnar sides of the base of mid-phalanges?

A

Flexor Digitorium Superficialis

54
Q

What muscle crosses the bifurcated superficialis tendon and attaches to the base of the distal phalanges?

A

Flexor Digitorium Profundus

55
Q

Which finger is the axis for ROM measurement?

A

3rd finger

56
Q

Which digit doesn’t have a palmar interosseus attachment and no ADD?

A

3rd digit

57
Q

Which digit has the 2nd and 3rd (antagonize each other) dorsal interossei attachment and no ABD?

A

3rd digit

58
Q

Which finger has the same alignment in the feet, but around the 2nd toe?

A

3rd finger

59
Q

What is the extensor hood?
(Triangular aponeurosis)

A

A triangular connective tissue structure in the hand that allows extensor tendons to attach to the phalanges

60
Q

What tendon runs under the extensor hood?

A

Extensor Digitorium tendon

61
Q

Which muscles attach at the lumbricals and inerossei?

A

Intrinsic muscles

62
Q

What’s important for pinching and grasping?

A

FLX of MCPs and extend PIP/DIP

63
Q

How can you tell if the ulnar nerve is damaged? (“Clawed hand”)

A

Fingers are bent or curved at rest

64
Q

How can you identify a “clawed hand”?

A

Fingers are bent or curved

65
Q

How can you tell if the median nerve is damaged? (“Clawed hand”)

A

Can’t make a fist

66
Q

What’re the contents in the carpal tunnel?

A

-Flexor pollicis longus tendon (1)
-Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
-Flexor digitorium profundus tendons (4)
-Median nerve (1)

67
Q

What’re the symptoms for compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel?

A

-Numbness/pain along radial 3.5 fingers
-Weakness and atrophy of thenar eminence

68
Q

Clawed fingers: Why are the radial side fingers not so prominent?

A

The ulnar nerve lesion occurs more proximally (closer to the elbow)/flexion of the IP joints are weakened

69
Q

What happens when a patient cocks their wrist during gripping? (wrist extension)

A

The flexor tendons elongate for the flexor digitorium to avoid active insufficiency

70
Q

What is the functional position of the hand with smaller items?

A

2nd and 3rd MCP is stable/4th and 5th saddle joints rotate when power grip occurs

71
Q

Dermatome test areas: C4

A

Shoulder top

72
Q

Dermatome test areas: C5

A

Lateral elbow

73
Q

Dermatome test areas: C6

A

Dorsal thumn

74
Q

Dermatome test areas: C7

A

Dorsal mid-finger

75
Q

Dermatome test areas: C8

A

Dorsal 5th digit

76
Q

Dermatome test areas: T1

A

Medial elbow

77
Q

Dermatome test areas: T2

A

Axilla

78
Q

What happens when someone has a peripheral nerve injury?

A

Regional functional loss/Sensory vs. Motor

79
Q

True or False: Radiculopathy, myotomes, and dermatomes are related to spinal nerves

A

True

80
Q

Myotome test areas: C5

A

Elbow flexors

81
Q

Myotome test areas: C6

A

Wrist extensors

82
Q

Myotome test areas: C7

A

Elbow extensors or wrist flexors

83
Q

Myotome test areas: C8

A

DIP flexors (flexor digitorium profundus)

84
Q

Myotome test areas: T1

A

Finger abductors

85
Q

What nerves are impaired when there is a traction injury of lower nerve roots/lower trunk?

A

T1 and C8

86
Q

What nerves are impaired when there is a traction injury of upper nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

87
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Neck injury during birth to pull out the baby/Severe injury around C5 and C6/Sympathetic gangion tear

88
Q

What diagnosis has the same signs and symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Erb’s palsy

89
Q

Which nerve injury presents “waiter’s tip posture”?

A

C5 and C6

90
Q

What can you identify on an X-ray of the hand?

A

Sesamoids/1st, 2nd, and 5th head of metacarpals

91
Q

What can you indentify on an MRi of the hand?

A

Carpals (not all showing on the same sections)/Styloid process of radius and ulna/TFCC

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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