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Unit 4 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior component of the humeral shaft? (Consider anatomical position)

A

-Biceps, Brachialis, Musculocutaneous Nerve
-Shoulder/Elbow FLX

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2
Q

What is the posterior component of the humeral shaft? (Consider anatomical position)

A

-Triceps/Radial Nerve
-Shoulder/Elbow EXT

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3
Q

What kind of injuries do the muscles and tendons have?

A

Tear/Strain

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4
Q

What kind of injuries do the ligaments have?

A

Sprain

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5
Q

Describe a Grade 1 tear.

A

Stretching and small tears

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6
Q

Describe a Grade 2 tear.

A

Larger tear

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7
Q

Describe a Grade 3.

A

Complete rupture

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8
Q

What is a proximal tear of the biceps tendon?

A

The biceps shrink toward the distal attachment/elbow

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9
Q

What is a distal tear of the biceps tendon?

A

The biceps shrink toward the proximal attachment/shoulder joint

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10
Q

What grade are the distal and proximal tears (complete tear) of the biceps tendon?

A

A biceps grade 3 tear

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11
Q

A proximal tear is what head of the biceps?

A

Long head

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12
Q

A distal tear is what head of the biceps?

A

Both heads

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13
Q

Which grade tear would require surgical repairment of the biceps?

A

Grade 3

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14
Q

What is in between the medial epicondyle and condyle?

A

Groove for ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Considering the motions of the elbow joint, which bone would be considered the axis?

A

Ulna Bone

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16
Q

During pronation, how does the radius rotate around the ulna?

A

From lateral to anterior

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17
Q

What are the 2 ligaments around the elbow joint?

A

Radial Collateral Ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament

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18
Q

What ligament tests against varus stress?

A

Radial Collateral Ligament

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19
Q

What ligament tests against valgus stress?

A

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

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20
Q

What does the annular ligament of the radius do?

A

Stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint

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21
Q

What is the significance of the interosseous membrane?

A

Maintains the interosseous space between the radius and ulna

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22
Q

What common injury in young children occurs when the radius bone in the elbow dislocates from the annular ligament?

A

Nursemaid Elbow

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23
Q

What are the actions of the nursemaid elbow?

A

Elbow EXT and forearm pronation

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24
Q

What do you need to do in order to reverse/reduce nursemaid elbow?

A

Opposite positioning (full supination and then flexion)

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25
What are the major functions of the anterior arm component?
Wrist/finger FLX
26
Where does the median nerve cross?
Crosses 2 heads of the pronator teres
27
Where does the ulnar nerve cross?
Crosses 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
28
What branch comes off of the median nerve?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN)
29
What are the major functions of the posterior arm component?
Wrist/finger EXT
30
Where does the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) cross?
Crosses the 2 heads of the supinator
31
What are the 3 terminal nerves of the forearm and hand?
Radial Nerve, Deep Radial Nerve, Superficial Radial Nerve
32
Where can the 3 terminal nerves of the forearm and hand be impinged?
Superficial head and deep head of the supinator muscle
33
Where is the axillary artery located?
Lateral border of the 1st rib to the inferior border of the teres major
34
Where is the brachial artery located?
Inferior border of the teres major to inferior angle of the cubital fossa
35
Which artery does the deep brachial artery branch off from?
Brachial Artery
36
What does the deep brachial artery supply?
Blood supply for posterior side of arm
37
Where can you find heavy anastomosis in the arm?
Around the elbow joint
38
What artery branches from the ulnar artery?
Common interosseous artery
39
What two arteries branch from the brachial artery?
Radial Artery and Ulnar Artery
40
What vein can you draw blood from in the arm?
Median cubital vein
41
Like the lower limb veins, what do the distal veins have?
Valves
42
Where does the upper limb and chest lymph drain to?
To lymph nodes in the axilla
43
True or False: Both men and women can get breast cancer
True
44
Is lymphedema in the later stages or earlier stages?
Later stages
45
What is lymphedema?
Protein-rich interstitial fluid/hardens and no pitting in later stage/compromised lymph nodes
46
What is pitting edema?
Purely interstitial fluid/pitting all the time/occurs after an injury
47
Is pitting edema in the later stages or earlier stages?
Earlier stages
48
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Brachial artery, radial nerve, and median nerve
48
What do lymph nodes do?
Protects against infections and diseases (tumors and cancers)
49
What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?
Pronator teres
50
What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?
Brachioradialis
51
What is the superior border of the cubital fossa?
Transepicondylar Line and Brachialis
52
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
Bicipital aponeurosis, Skin, and Fascia
53
What is the ligament of struthers?
The compression of the median nerve and brachial artery (bone spur/carpal tunnel syndrome)
54
What does the radial groove do?
Protects the radial nerve
55
What is a common radial nerve injury?
Mid-humeral shaft fracture
56
What is saturday night palsy?
Falling asleep with one's arm hanging over the arm rest of a chair, compressing the radial nerve at the spiral groove
57
What is the honeymoon palsy?
Sleeping on and compressing one's arm overnight
58
What is crutch palsy?
From poorly fitted axillary crutches
59
What is waiters tip?
C6 spinal nerve injury/compromised wrist EXT
60
What are the three elbow flexors?
Biceps, brachialis, and brachioradialis
61
Importance of the biceps flexor:
A disadvantage for contraction/elongated in pronated status
62
Importance of the brachialis flexor:
The main power of elbow flexion in anatomic position
63
Importance of the brachioradialis:
Compensates biceps functions in the forearm pronated
64
What happens if you puncture the bicipital aponeurosis?
Injury of the median nerve
65
What functions of the median nerve will be compromised if the median nerve gets impinged between the two heads of the pronator teres?
Pronation
66
Is the pronator teres superficial or deep to the brachialis muscle?
Superficial
67
Why is the pisiform important?
Serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments of the hand
68
The "funny bone" nerve is what?
Ulnar nerve
69
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed or pinched
70
What functions will be compromised if the flexor carpi ulnaris is impinged?
Wrist FLX and Ulnar Deviation
71
What muscle has the distal attachment that overlaps the proximal attachment of the supinator?
Anconeus
72
What is radial tunnel syndrome?
Both deep and superficial branch impingement
73
Where can the posterior interosseous nerve be impinged in the forearm?
Between two heads of the supinator
74
Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 1 and 2 in the forearm have what muscle and nerve?
Supinator Muscle/Radial Nerve
74
Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 5 and 6 in the forearm have what muscle and nerve?
Pronator Teres Muscle/Medial Nerve
75
Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 in the forearm corresponds with diagnosis?
Fibromyalgia
76
What could be indirect evidence for elbow flexion?
Avulsion of lateral supracondylar ridge with brachioradialis
77
What muscle is the true contributor to the tennis elbow?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
78
What is medial epicondylitis?
Golfer's Elbow
79
What is lateral epicondylitis?
Tennis Elbow
80
What muscle is impaired if a patient has Golfer's Elbow?
Strain of the flexor carpi radialis tendon
81
What muscle and tendon would be impaired if a patient has Tennis Elbow?
Strain of the extensor carpi radialis brevis/extensor tendon
82
Considering Golfer's Elbow, what are the similar symptoms with neighboring structure injuries?
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris -Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
83
Considering Tennis Elbow, what are the similar symptoms with neighboring structure injuries?
-Brachioradialis -Radial Tunnel Syndrome: superficial radial and posterior interosseous nerve impingement
84
What is the order of different bony structures around the elbow that mature differently? (CRITOE)
-Capitulum -Radial Head -Internal/Medial Epicondyle -Trochlea -Olecranon -External/Lateral Epicondyle
85
What can close growth plates in your elbow?
Treatment/Accidents (ultrasound, surgery, fracture, etc= resulting in malalignment)

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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