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Unit 4 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior component of the humeral shaft? (Consider anatomical position)

A

-Biceps, Brachialis, Musculocutaneous Nerve
-Shoulder/Elbow FLX

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2
Q

What is the posterior component of the humeral shaft? (Consider anatomical position)

A

-Triceps/Radial Nerve
-Shoulder/Elbow EXT

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3
Q

What kind of injuries do the muscles and tendons have?

A

Tear/Strain

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4
Q

What kind of injuries do the ligaments have?

A

Sprain

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5
Q

Describe a Grade 1 tear.

A

Stretching and small tears

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6
Q

Describe a Grade 2 tear.

A

Larger tear

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7
Q

Describe a Grade 3.

A

Complete rupture

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8
Q

What is a proximal tear of the biceps tendon?

A

The biceps shrink toward the distal attachment/elbow

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9
Q

What is a distal tear of the biceps tendon?

A

The biceps shrink toward the proximal attachment/shoulder joint

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10
Q

What grade are the distal and proximal tears (complete tear) of the biceps tendon?

A

A biceps grade 3 tear

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11
Q

A proximal tear is what head of the biceps?

A

Long head

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12
Q

A distal tear is what head of the biceps?

A

Both heads

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13
Q

Which grade tear would require surgical repairment of the biceps?

A

Grade 3

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14
Q

What is in between the medial epicondyle and condyle?

A

Groove for ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Considering the motions of the elbow joint, which bone would be considered the axis?

A

Ulna Bone

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16
Q

During pronation, how does the radius rotate around the ulna?

A

From lateral to anterior

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17
Q

What are the 2 ligaments around the elbow joint?

A

Radial Collateral Ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament

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18
Q

What ligament tests against varus stress?

A

Radial Collateral Ligament

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19
Q

What ligament tests against valgus stress?

A

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

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20
Q

What does the annular ligament of the radius do?

A

Stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint

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21
Q

What is the significance of the interosseous membrane?

A

Maintains the interosseous space between the radius and ulna

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22
Q

What common injury in young children occurs when the radius bone in the elbow dislocates from the annular ligament?

A

Nursemaid Elbow

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23
Q

What are the actions of the nursemaid elbow?

A

Elbow EXT and forearm pronation

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24
Q

What do you need to do in order to reverse/reduce nursemaid elbow?

A

Opposite positioning (full supination and then flexion)

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25
Q

What are the major functions of the anterior arm component?

A

Wrist/finger FLX

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26
Q

Where does the median nerve cross?

A

Crosses 2 heads of the pronator teres

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27
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve cross?

A

Crosses 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

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28
Q

What branch comes off of the median nerve?

A

Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN)

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29
Q

What are the major functions of the posterior arm component?

A

Wrist/finger EXT

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30
Q

Where does the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) cross?

A

Crosses the 2 heads of the supinator

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31
Q

What are the 3 terminal nerves of the forearm and hand?

A

Radial Nerve, Deep Radial Nerve, Superficial Radial Nerve

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32
Q

Where can the 3 terminal nerves of the forearm and hand be impinged?

A

Superficial head and deep head of the supinator muscle

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33
Q

Where is the axillary artery located?

A

Lateral border of the 1st rib to the inferior border of the teres major

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34
Q

Where is the brachial artery located?

A

Inferior border of the teres major to inferior angle of the cubital fossa

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35
Q

Which artery does the deep brachial artery branch off from?

A

Brachial Artery

36
Q

What does the deep brachial artery supply?

A

Blood supply for posterior side of arm

37
Q

Where can you find heavy anastomosis in the arm?

A

Around the elbow joint

38
Q

What artery branches from the ulnar artery?

A

Common interosseous artery

39
Q

What two arteries branch from the brachial artery?

A

Radial Artery and Ulnar Artery

40
Q

What vein can you draw blood from in the arm?

A

Median cubital vein

41
Q

Like the lower limb veins, what do the distal veins have?

A

Valves

42
Q

Where does the upper limb and chest lymph drain to?

A

To lymph nodes in the axilla

43
Q

True or False: Both men and women can get breast cancer

A

True

44
Q

Is lymphedema in the later stages or earlier stages?

A

Later stages

45
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

Protein-rich interstitial fluid/hardens and no pitting in later stage/compromised lymph nodes

46
Q

What is pitting edema?

A

Purely interstitial fluid/pitting all the time/occurs after an injury

47
Q

Is pitting edema in the later stages or earlier stages?

A

Earlier stages

48
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachial artery, radial nerve, and median nerve

48
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Protects against infections and diseases (tumors and cancers)

49
Q

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

A

Pronator teres

50
Q

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis

51
Q

What is the superior border of the cubital fossa?

A

Transepicondylar Line and Brachialis

52
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis, Skin, and Fascia

53
Q

What is the ligament of struthers?

A

The compression of the median nerve and brachial artery (bone spur/carpal tunnel syndrome)

54
Q

What does the radial groove do?

A

Protects the radial nerve

55
Q

What is a common radial nerve injury?

A

Mid-humeral shaft fracture

56
Q

What is saturday night palsy?

A

Falling asleep with one’s arm hanging over the arm rest of a chair, compressing the radial nerve at the spiral groove

57
Q

What is the honeymoon palsy?

A

Sleeping on and compressing one’s arm overnight

58
Q

What is crutch palsy?

A

From poorly fitted axillary crutches

59
Q

What is waiters tip?

A

C6 spinal nerve injury/compromised wrist EXT

60
Q

What are the three elbow flexors?

A

Biceps, brachialis, and brachioradialis

61
Q

Importance of the biceps flexor:

A

A disadvantage for contraction/elongated in pronated status

62
Q

Importance of the brachialis flexor:

A

The main power of elbow flexion in anatomic position

63
Q

Importance of the brachioradialis:

A

Compensates biceps functions in the forearm pronated

64
Q

What happens if you puncture the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

Injury of the median nerve

65
Q

What functions of the median nerve will be compromised if the median nerve gets impinged between the two heads of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation

66
Q

Is the pronator teres superficial or deep to the brachialis muscle?

A

Superficial

67
Q

Why is the pisiform important?

A

Serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments of the hand

68
Q

The “funny bone” nerve is what?

A

Ulnar nerve

69
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed or pinched

70
Q

What functions will be compromised if the flexor carpi ulnaris is impinged?

A

Wrist FLX and Ulnar Deviation

71
Q

What muscle has the distal attachment that overlaps the proximal attachment of the supinator?

A

Anconeus

72
Q

What is radial tunnel syndrome?

A

Both deep and superficial branch impingement

73
Q

Where can the posterior interosseous nerve be impinged in the forearm?

A

Between two heads of the supinator

74
Q

Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 1 and 2 in the forearm have what muscle and nerve?

A

Supinator Muscle/Radial Nerve

74
Q

Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 5 and 6 in the forearm have what muscle and nerve?

A

Pronator Teres Muscle/Medial Nerve

75
Q

Rule of 1-9: Pressure points 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 in the forearm corresponds with diagnosis?

A

Fibromyalgia

76
Q

What could be indirect evidence for elbow flexion?

A

Avulsion of lateral supracondylar ridge with brachioradialis

77
Q

What muscle is the true contributor to the tennis elbow?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

78
Q

What is medial epicondylitis?

A

Golfer’s Elbow

79
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

Tennis Elbow

80
Q

What muscle is impaired if a patient has Golfer’s Elbow?

A

Strain of the flexor carpi radialis tendon

81
Q

What muscle and tendon would be impaired if a patient has Tennis Elbow?

A

Strain of the extensor carpi radialis brevis/extensor tendon

82
Q

Considering Golfer’s Elbow, what are the similar symptoms with neighboring structure injuries?

A

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

83
Q

Considering Tennis Elbow, what are the similar symptoms with neighboring structure injuries?

A

-Brachioradialis
-Radial Tunnel Syndrome: superficial radial and posterior interosseous nerve impingement

84
Q

What is the order of different bony structures around the elbow that mature differently? (CRITOE)

A

-Capitulum
-Radial Head
-Internal/Medial Epicondyle
-Trochlea
-Olecranon
-External/Lateral Epicondyle

85
Q

What can close growth plates in your elbow?

A

Treatment/Accidents
(ultrasound, surgery, fracture, etc= resulting in malalignment)

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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