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Unit 4 > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the shoulder joints?

A

Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
Scapulothoracic Joint/Articulation
Glenohumeral Joint (GH)

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2
Q

What is the scapular plane of the shoulder girdle?

A

30-45° anterior to the coronal plane

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3
Q

What is the shoulder girdle composed of?

A

2 joints and 1 articulation

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4
Q

How does the shoulder girdle open? Ant. or Post.

A

Opens posteriorly

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5
Q

What is the significance of the sternoclavicular joint (SC)?

A

Connection of the upper limb with the axial skeleton

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6
Q

What is the significance of the scapulothoracic joint/articulation?

A

Not a joint/muscular articulation

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7
Q

What is the significance of the glenohumeral joint (GH)?

A

Upper limb motions/most mobile joint of the human body

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8
Q

What is the significance of the clavicle?

A

1st bone formed (5-6 weeks during embryo development)/Last matured bone (25-31 yo)

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9
Q

What are the distal undersurface bony marks of the clavicle?

A

Conoid tubercle and trapezoid line

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10
Q

Osteology of scapula: How much of the population has foramen (foramina)?

A

1/3 of the population

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11
Q

What is the saddle joint of the shoulder girdle?

A

Connection of the superolateral manubrium and proximal clavicle

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12
Q

Glenoid Fossa

A

Lateral/Superior/Anterior

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13
Q

Humeral Head

A

Medial/Superior/Posterior

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14
Q

The glenoid fossa articulates with how much of the humeral head?

A

1/4-1/3

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15
Q

The glenohumeral/shoulder joint correlates with what other joint alignment in the body?

A

Femoroacetabular joint alignment

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16
Q

What 3 ligaments passively suspend the glenoid fossa to face superiorly?

A

Sternoclavicular Ligament
Conoid Ligament
Trapezoid Ligament

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17
Q

Which ligament is commonly sprained in shoulder dislocation?

A

Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

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18
Q

What is the significance of the Coracoacromial Ligament?

A

Connects the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the significance of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii muscle in the groove between the greater and lesser tubercle on the humerus

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20
Q

Where does the biceps long head attach?

A

Superior Labrum

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21
Q

Why are the muscles around the Glenohumeral Joint (GH) important?

A

They are active dynamic stabilizers

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22
Q

Why is there a weak point in the shoulder joint?

A

No muscular support

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23
Q

What is an example of shoulder girdle motions in the sagittal plane?

A

Volleyball spiking
(Anterior vs Posterior tilt)

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24
Q

What are the glenohumeral joint motions in the coronal plane?

A

ABD/ADD
Elevation: FLX/ABD

25
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior (C5-C6)
Middle (C7)
Inferior (T8-T1)

26
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior
Posterior

27
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Posterior cord (all posterior division)
Lateral Cord (anterior divisions from the superior and middle trunks)
Medial Cord (anterior division of the inferior trunk)

28
Q

How can you determine the lateral, medial, and posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Spatial relationship with the axillary artery

29
Q

Terminal branches: From the roots (ventral rami)

A

C5 to phrenic nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

30
Q

Terminal branches: From the superior trunk

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
Nerve to the subclavius (C5-C6)
-Subclavian nerve

31
Q

What is the root/branch to the median nerve?

A

C5-C7

32
Q

What is the bridge from the medial pectoral nerve?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7/C8-T1)

33
Q

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

34
Q

What is the root/branch to the median nerve?

A

C8-T1

35
Q

What is the correlation between the median pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve?

A

Anastomosis

36
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C7/C8-T1
Through the anastomosis

37
Q

What is the significance of the median nerve?

A

It has terminal branches from the lateral and medial cords (C5-T1)

38
Q

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 1?

A

Superior thoracic artery

39
Q

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 2? (Deep to the pec minor)

A

Thoracoacromial Trunk/Artery
Lateral thoracic artery

40
Q

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 3?

A

Subscapular Artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

41
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Contains infection and hemorrhage

42
Q

What are the 3 parts of the trapezius muscle?

A

Upper, Middle, Lower

43
Q

What muscle is difficult to separate from serratus posterior inferior?

A

Lattissimus Dorsi

44
Q

What is the Lattissimus Dorsi innervation?

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve C6-C8 (Touch down 68)

45
Q

Why is the levator scapulae important?

A

One of the major contributors to cervicalgia

46
Q

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (anterior facet)?

A

Supraspinatus Muscle

47
Q

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (middle facet)?

A

Infraspinatus Muscle

48
Q

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (posterior facet)?

A

Teres Minor

49
Q

What 2 muscles have the circumflex scapular artery as their blood supply?

A

Teres Minor and Teres Major

50
Q

What causes the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOC)?

A

Compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

51
Q

What muscle has the distal attachment of the twist of distal tendon over biceps muscle?

A

Pec Major

52
Q

Two majors help a lady…

A

pec Major, Latissimus dorsi, teres Major from lateral to medial

53
Q

What happens when all neurovascular structures behind the pec minor are compressed?

A

It pulls the scapula and coracoid process down, narrowing the space between the pectoralis minor and the upper rib cage. This can pin the neurovascular structures against the rib cage, constricting the nerves.

54
Q

What functions of the pec minor will be affected when compressed?

A

Posture, rib elevation, scapular rotation, shoulder flexion

55
Q

What is the windmill triads composed of?

A

Upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior

56
Q

Why is the circumflex scapular artery important?

A

Anastomosis of the suprascapular and subscapular arteries

57
Q

Upper extremity neurovascular impingement

A

Axillary inlet and thoracic outlet

58
Q

What is the orientation of the glenoid fossa?

A

Superior orientation

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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