Lecture 17

Question 1

What are the shoulder joints?

Answer 1

Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
Scapulothoracic Joint/Articulation
Glenohumeral Joint (GH)

Question 2

What is the scapular plane of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

30-45° anterior to the coronal plane

Question 3

What is the shoulder girdle composed of?

Answer 3

2 joints and 1 articulation

Question 4

How does the shoulder girdle open? Ant. or Post.

Answer 4

Opens posteriorly

Question 5

What is the significance of the sternoclavicular joint (SC)?

Answer 5

Connection of the upper limb with the axial skeleton

Question 6

What is the significance of the scapulothoracic joint/articulation?

Answer 6

Not a joint/muscular articulation

Question 7

What is the significance of the glenohumeral joint (GH)?

Answer 7

Upper limb motions/most mobile joint of the human body

Question 8

What is the significance of the clavicle?

Answer 8

1st bone formed (5-6 weeks during embryo development)/Last matured bone (25-31 yo)

Question 9

What are the distal undersurface bony marks of the clavicle?

Answer 9

Conoid tubercle and trapezoid line

Question 10

Osteology of scapula: How much of the population has foramen (foramina)?

Answer 10

1/3 of the population

Question 11

What is the saddle joint of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 11

Connection of the superolateral manubrium and proximal clavicle

Question 12

Glenoid Fossa

Answer 12

Lateral/Superior/Anterior

Question 13

Humeral Head

Answer 13

Medial/Superior/Posterior

Question 14

The glenoid fossa articulates with how much of the humeral head?

Answer 14

1/4-1/3

Question 15

The glenohumeral/shoulder joint correlates with what other joint alignment in the body?

Answer 15

Femoroacetabular joint alignment

Question 16

What 3 ligaments passively suspend the glenoid fossa to face superiorly?

Answer 16

Sternoclavicular Ligament
Conoid Ligament
Trapezoid Ligament

Question 17

Which ligament is commonly sprained in shoulder dislocation?

Answer 17

Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

Question 18

What is the significance of the Coracoacromial Ligament?

Answer 18

Connects the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula

Question 19

What is the significance of the transverse humeral ligament?

Answer 19

Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii muscle in the groove between the greater and lesser tubercle on the humerus

Question 20

Where does the biceps long head attach?

Answer 20

Superior Labrum

Question 21

Why are the muscles around the Glenohumeral Joint (GH) important?

Answer 21

They are active dynamic stabilizers

Question 22

Why is there a weak point in the shoulder joint?

Answer 22

No muscular support

Question 23

What is an example of shoulder girdle motions in the sagittal plane?

Answer 23

Volleyball spiking
(Anterior vs Posterior tilt)

Question 24

What are the glenohumeral joint motions in the coronal plane?

Answer 24

ABD/ADD
Elevation: FLX/ABD

Question 25

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 25

Superior (C5-C6) Middle (C7) Inferior (T8-T1)

Question 26

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

Answer 26

Anterior Posterior

Question 27

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

Answer 27

Posterior cord (all posterior division) Lateral Cord (anterior divisions from the superior and middle trunks) Medial Cord (anterior division of the inferior trunk)

Question 28

How can you determine the lateral, medial, and posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 28

Spatial relationship with the axillary artery

Question 29

Terminal branches: From the roots (ventral rami)

Answer 29

C5 to phrenic nerve Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Question 30

Terminal branches: From the superior trunk

Answer 30

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) Nerve to the subclavius (C5-C6) -Subclavian nerve

Question 31

What is the root/branch to the median nerve?

Answer 31

C5-C7

Question 32

What is the bridge from the medial pectoral nerve?

Answer 32

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7/C8-T1)

Question 33

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

Answer 33

C5-T1

Question 34

What is the root/branch to the median nerve?

Answer 34

C8-T1

Question 35

What is the correlation between the median pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve?

Answer 35

Anastomosis

Question 36

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 36

C7/C8-T1 Through the anastomosis

Question 37

What is the significance of the median nerve?

Answer 37

It has terminal branches from the lateral and medial cords (C5-T1)

Question 38

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 1?

Answer 38

Superior thoracic artery

Question 39

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 2? (Deep to the pec minor)

Answer 39

Thoracoacromial Trunk/Artery Lateral thoracic artery

Question 40

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint blood supply: What is in part 3?

Answer 40

Subscapular Artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 41

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 41

Contains infection and hemorrhage

Question 42

What are the 3 parts of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 42

Upper, Middle, Lower

Question 43

What muscle is difficult to separate from serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 43

Lattissimus Dorsi

Question 44

What is the Lattissimus Dorsi innervation?

Answer 44

Thoracodorsal Nerve C6-C8 (Touch down 68)

Question 45

Why is the levator scapulae important?

Answer 45

One of the major contributors to cervicalgia

Question 46

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (anterior facet)?

Answer 46

Supraspinatus Muscle

Question 47

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (middle facet)?

Answer 47

Infraspinatus Muscle

Question 48

Which muscle has the distal attachment of the greater tubercle (posterior facet)?

Answer 48

Teres Minor

Question 49

What 2 muscles have the circumflex scapular artery as their blood supply?

Answer 49

Teres Minor and Teres Major

Question 50

What causes the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOC)?

Answer 50

Compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 51

What muscle has the distal attachment of the twist of distal tendon over biceps muscle?

Answer 51

Pec Major

Question 52

Two majors help a lady...

Answer 52

pec Major, Latissimus dorsi, teres Major from lateral to medial

Question 53

What happens when all neurovascular structures behind the pec minor are compressed?

Answer 53

It pulls the scapula and coracoid process down, narrowing the space between the pectoralis minor and the upper rib cage. This can pin the neurovascular structures against the rib cage, constricting the nerves.

Question 54

What functions of the pec minor will be affected when compressed?

Answer 54

Posture, rib elevation, scapular rotation, shoulder flexion

Question 55

What is the windmill triads composed of?

Answer 55

Upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior

Question 56

Why is the circumflex scapular artery important?

Answer 56

Anastomosis of the suprascapular and subscapular arteries

Question 57

Upper extremity neurovascular impingement

Answer 57

Axillary inlet and thoracic outlet

Question 58

What is the orientation of the glenoid fossa?

Answer 58

Superior orientation