Lecture 19 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is special about the Protista kingdom?

A
  • an unnatural grouping, should be several kingdoms and only out of convenience aren’t
  • some are protists more distantly related from one another than humans from fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines the kingdom Protista?

A

Unnatural grouping
• Diverse and simple eukaryotic cell
types
Comprised of
: • Producers - several divisions of
photosynthetic algae
• Consumers - ciliates, colourless flagellates, parasites, pathagens
• Absorbers & Recyclers - slime moulds, water moulds
producers= have chloroplasts, photosynthetics like plants sort of
consumers= eat things like animals
absorbers recycles= like fungi on land sort of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the importance of the age of slime?

A

when protists evolved= lasted that age for 3 billion years
-A long empire – lasting over 3 billion years. Microscopic assemblages of single-celled organisms (e.g., Bacteria (Cyanobacteria), Archaea and Protists) Microbial mats held
together by organic ‘glues’, creating the perfect habitat.
The evolution of hungry, primitive animals (metazoans) ended their dynasty about 500 million years ago. Few fossils, but mats survive today in harsh environments.
can still find the slime layers.
-changed because larger animals developed and ate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are the primary producers so colourful?

A

They posses diverse chloroplasts and pigments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are macroalgae (seaweeds) important for?

A

-important primary producers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three divisions of seaweed?

A

Rhodophyta (red algae)
• Chlorophyta (green algae)
• Phaeophyta (brown algae)
• Each group has a different combination of pigments and a range of other features that distinguish them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where did the green, red and brown algae get their chloroplasts?

A

red and green= primary endosymbiosis

brown- secondary (protistan pirate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why can there be 4 membranes in protistan pirates?

A

first two from cyanobacteria, thrid= cell membrane of the eukaryote with the chloroplast, 4th= sometimes, so food vacuoles so 3 or 4 membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is red algae important?

A

Commercially harvested for agars and carrageenans for science and the food industry.
-gels for molecular biology and biochemistry
-thickening and stabilising agents for the food industry
-big and up and coming industry
-agarose!-the key= not in all red algae
-30% of red algae= in Australia, 70% only found here
toothpaste= has red algae product
-cosmetics too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the colour of red algae depend on?

A
  • depends on the concentration of Chlorophyll A, plus phycoerythrin and phycocyanin
  • red algae can look brown or green, can get range of colour so it depends on accessory pigments as well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were the ancestors of land plants?

A

green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What chlorophyl do green algae have?

A

Chloroplastsaregreen- (chlorophylls A , B) and are primary endosymbionts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are green algae used for commercially?

A
  • major biofoulers &
    polluters. - solar energy, biofuels
  • grow really quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are brown algae?

A

• Marine seaweeds
• Protistan pirates -
chloroplast from a red alga and contains Chl A + C and the brown pigment fucoxanthin.
• Cell walls contain a major source of commercially important alginates used in the food industry (e.g. kelp farming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do seaweed have sex?

A

tied into the lunar cycle- moon comes up= release sperm, eggs= sperm goes up to light
then eggs drop down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is interesting about diatoms (Bacillariophyta)?

A
  • Unicellular and major primary producers in all aquatic habitats.
  • Protistan pirates - chloroplast from a red alga and contains Chl A + C and the brown pigment fucoxanthin.
  • Highly ornate cell walls made of silica (glass!).
  • Some diatom species can adhere to the substratum and “glide” over it.
17
Q

How are diatoms interesting commercially?

A
  • Some species are major biofoulers of boat bottoms and other man- made surfaces in marine habitats.
  • Biological processes involved in the nanofabrication of hard, 3-dimensional structures of silica is of great interest to materials science.

-diatomaceous earth- 2 miles thick remains of diatoms= used in filters in pools and in toothpaste, cosmetics

18
Q

What problem do diatoms cause to ships?

A

-create layer of diatoms= slime and that sticks to the hull of the ship, 5cm thick one= increase 20% of fuel cost= hard to get rid of!

19
Q

Which class is an animal-like producer or mixotroph?

A

Dinoflagellates and Coccolithophorids.

20
Q

What are mixotrophic protists?

A

-protistan pirates that posses both chloroplast for photosynthesis(i.e.producers) and also ingest things by phagotrophy using complex mechanism of prey capture (consumers)

21
Q

What are Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta)?

A

• Diverse protistan pirates - have undergone secondary endosymbiosis several times, and pigments therefore vary between different species.
• Responsible for toxic “red tides” & fish kills, and bioluminescence
-some ate brown algae, some green, some red (secondary endosymbiosis)and some cryptomonads= tertiary endosymbiosis
-some parasitic

22
Q

What is the connection of Dinoflagellates and corals?

A

-zooxanthellae are symbionts in corals and some other animals= provide sugars for the corals