Lecture 18 - The development of gender differences

Question 1

(reading):

Siegler, R., Saffran, J., DeLoache, J., Gershoff, E. T. & Eisenberg, N. (2017). How Children Develop. Chapter 15.

Answer 1

(reading):

Question 2

(lecture summary):

This lecture looks at the development of gender differences, discussing the relevance of the three key themes identified in the previous lecture.

Gender differences appear in many forms from an early age and are surprisingly pervasive

Gender influences children’s responses to their social experiences

Reinforcement of gender differences comes early and from many sources

Clear that this topic links well with our three themes (and that they overlap substantially).

Both biological and social theories of gender development. The myriad of influences on children suggest interplay between G and E

There is some continuity of influence on children, but this can also vary with age

Whilst there are societal changes in gender-norms, more evidence is needed to show whether or not these have filtered through to child behaviour

The effects of gender are looked mainly at the population level, rather than the individual level. However, individual differences can tell us about typical and atypical development

Answer 2

(lecture summary):

Question 3

(lecture study question):

To what extent do children learn about gender roles from their parents?

Answer 3

(lecture study question):

Question 4

(lecture):

Describe the difference between sex and gender.

Answer 4

(lecture):

See slide 4

Question 5

(lecture):

See slide 5-7 and watch lecture back.

Answer 5

(lecture):

Question 6

(lecture):

Summarise average gender differences.

Answer 6

(lecture):

See slide 8

Question 7

(lecture):

Describe Kohlberg’s Cognitive Theory of Gender-Role Development.

Answer 7

(lecture):

See slide 9

Question 8

(lecture):

Describe gender schema theory.

Answer 8

(lecture):

See slide 10

Question 9

(lecture):

Describe a study that looks at early preference for gender-stereotyped toys.

Answer 9

(lecture):

See slide 11

Question 10

(lecture):

Describe a study that investigates gender differences in early behaviour.

Answer 10

(lecture):

See slide 12-13

Question 11

(lecture):

Describe some biological theories of gender differences.

Answer 11

(lecture):

See slide 14

Question 12

(lecture):

Watch video on slide 15

Answer 12

(lecture):

Question 13

(lecture):

Describe the societal + parental influences on gender specific toys.

Answer 13

(lecture):

See slide 16-20