Lecture 18, Hip Joint & Ligaments of The Hip Joints

Question 1

Hip Joint

Answer 1

the hip joint forms the connection between the lower limb and the pelvic girdle, it is a strong, stable multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
- ligaments designed to prevent extension and limit internal rotation at the hip joint

Question 2

Lunate surface of the acetabulum

Answer 2

a semi ulnar articular part covered with articular cartilage (the rim of the acetabulum)

Question 3

Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous) & transverse acetabular ligament

Answer 3

increase the depth of the acetabulum

Question 4

Orbicular zone

Answer 4

most fibers of the fibrous layer take a spiral course from the hip bone to the intertrochanteric line; some deep fibers, most marked in the posterior part of the capsule, wind circularly around the neck forming an orbicular zone

Question 5

Ligament of head of femur

Answer 5

primarily a synovial fold conducting a blood vessel, is week and of little importance in strengthening the hip joint

Question 6

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 6

y-shaped and reinforces the hip joint anteriorly and superiorly, attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim proximally and the intertrochanteric line distally (prevents hyperextension of the hip joint during standing by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum)

Question 7

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 7

reinforces the hip joint inferiorly and anteriorly, which arises from the obturator crest of the pubic bone and passes laterally and inferiorly to merge with the fibrous layer of the joint capsule (tightening during extension and abduction of the hip joint, and resist excessive abduction of the hip joint)

Question 8

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 8

weak and reinforces the hip joint posteriorly, who arises from the ischial part of the acetabular rim and spirals superolaterally to the neck of the femur, medial to the base of the greater trochanter

Question 9

Angle of inclinations

Answer 9

the obtuse angle of inclination in the adult is 115-140 degrees, averaging 126 degrees (the angle is less in females because of the increased width between the acetabula and the greater obliquity of the shaft)
- the angle of inclination allows greater mobility of the femur at the hip joint because it places the head and neck more perpendicular to the acetabulum

Question 10

Torsion angle

Answer 10

the mean torsion angle is 7 degrees in males and 12 degrees in females
- the torsion angle combined with the angle of inclination, allows rotatory movements of the femoral head with the obliquely placed acetabulum and adduction, and rotational movements of the thigh

Question 11

Anteversion

Answer 11

Anteversion means “leaning forward.” Femoral anteversion is a condition in which the femoral neck leans forward with respect to the rest of the femur.
- excessive femoral neck anteversion can cause a toe-in gait (can turn inwards)

Question 12

Retroversion

Answer 12

femoral retroversion (also known as hip retroversion) is a rotational or torsional deformity in which the femur (thighbone) twists backward (outward) in relation to the knee
- excessive femoral neck retroversion can cause toe-out gait (can turn outwards)