Lecture 18 Analysis of Para Athletes Flashcards
Athlete needs analysis IMPAIRMENT: Factors to consider
- Training age/chronological age
- Biological gender
- Lifestyle
- Work ethic
- Training caledner
- Ability to adapt and reover
- Physiological profile
- Training calnder
- Injury histro
What are the impairment types:
Muscle power, range of motion, limb
deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, visual
impairment etc.
Explain the impairment of wheelchair rugby
- Multi-impairment, mixed gender sport employing a classification system, 0.5 (least functional) - 3.5 (most functional).
- Four players, totalling 8.0 points are allowed on court at one time.
- Intermittent in nature including prolonged periods of submaximal pushing interspersed with very high intensity pushing (sprinting).
Explain the sport of wheelchair rugby
“Wheelchair rugby consists of frequent intermittent sprint activity superimposed on a background of aerobic activity” (Goosey-Tolfrey et al. 2006)
- Have to consider ways of understanding external load
- Assessing the physical demand of wheelchair rugby
- The greater demands are placed on the most functional players
- We may have someone with spinal injury and no limbs in the same group
What are the 6 impairment types?
- Impaired muscle power
- Limb deficiency
- Hypertonia
- Ataxia
- Athetosis
- Impaired passive ROM
Explainan SCI impairment
- A SCI results in paralysis below the level of lesion, having underlying implications on health, function and performance (Hopman et al. 1998).
- Leads to severe muscle atrophy therefore falls into the Impaired muscle power impairment group.
- Players with a SCI have altered autonomic responses such as blunted
heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure as well as thermoregulatory dysfunction.
What 2 factors help determine exactly which functions are affected and how much they are affected by?
- The level if the injury; and
- The completeness of the injury
Explain differentiated RPE
- We can ask athlete to rate the intensity of the exercise in relation to their central, periphery or cardiorespriaty system and their muscular systems for ease
- we can see than athletes with spinal cord injury tend o have a greater peripheral RPE than central RPe
- this is because spina cord athletes have smaller muscle mass
- regardless of wheelchair experience the RPE-=P was always higher score during exercise with RPE-C the lowest/
What are the considerations fir training prescriptions in SCI?
- Blunted heart rate response limits central adaptations.
- Small margin between effective stimulus and fatigue (RPE-P).
- Better tolerance to interval-based training.
Explain Cerebal palsy as an impairment
- Cause by central brain injury
- Disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication and perception (Carroll et al. 2006)
- Coordination issues
- Movement inefficiencies leading to greater cost of metabolic heat production (blauwet e al. 2017)
Explian amputee as an impairment
- Amputations must affect both arms and legs to be elegible to participate in WR
- Excessive upper limb use much like other impairment types
- Increased metabolic demand hen walking with prosthetics (ward and Meyeres 1995)
- Reduced skin surface area for sweating thus increased thermoregulatory risk.
- Most physiologically similar to healthy non impaired athletes.
- Some of these points go beyond the training programme themselves
- Account for missing limbs :preventing overuse injuries and managing load.
Physical capability across differt sports
- Left we see that low point Rugby player have Lower functional capacity in terms of power output
- This is displayed in terms of absoluate VO2 peak in the graph on the right.
Testing and Profiling : why do we test?
- Understanding the current fitness levels of the athletes
- What improvements can we make to their physical capacity
- Measure the influence of an intervention
- Pre and post intervention.
How do we measure fitness?
- Regular Lavatory screening:
- Submaximal profiles (wheelchair treadmill), Wingate profiles (WERG)
- Collaborating (shoulder health screening, Pushing technique
- Measured:
- Aerobic/ anaerobic thresholds
- VO2 max
- Force – velocity
- Peak and mean power/speed/force
- Fatigue index
- Maximum isometric force
- Field test battery, with regional gym testing sessions
- Method : time gates, skinfold callipers, phoen applications
- Measured :
- Sprit times (maximal speed)
- COD and turn tests
- Aerobic and Anaerobic tests (MAS)
- Body composition (weight/skinfolds)
- Gym based testing (3-5R
When we are creating a training programme for a disabled athlete then what do we need to be?
Creative with TRIAL AND ERROR
