Lecture 15 Specific Populations

Question 1

What is maximal oxygen uptake?

Answer 1

• Represents the maximum amount of oxygen that can be extracted from the atmosphere, transported to the working muscle, and taken up and utilized by the exercising tissue.

Question 2

What are teh units of measuremnet for children and adults in relation to peak ozygen upatke and why are they different measuremnet methods.

Answer 2

• Absolute: L.min-1
• Ratio scaled (divide by body mass): ml.kg-1.min-1
• Recommended that you scale the values.
• In children and young people, allometric scaling: ml.kg-0.67.min-1
• Higher body mass higher oxygen uptake.
• We wany to put the value related to body mass as peak oxygen update is related to body mass
• When adolescent go through pubity their body mass increases at a greater rate than peak oxygen uptake.
• If we express POU as ml.kg-1.min-1 it will penalise the more mature or the heavier youth that we are dealing with.
• If e rave eary maturing ayhleet they should be heavier so tat they will have. A lowe value than others

Question 3

Why is maximal oxygen uptake a physiological characteristic of interest?

Answer 3

• Sets the limit for ATP generation using oxygen dependent (‘aerobic’) metabolic pathways; therefore has an important influence of performance
• Maximal oxygen uptake seems to be linked to markers of health independent of other risk factors e.g. ‘fit but fat’
• If you can use oxygen for longer you can perform for longer an not fatigue with eth effects of lactic acid.
• We are interest also as it seems to be very linked to markers of health.
• If you have high maximal update you are less risk of CVD
• However it can be vry depdent on genes and there can be high relation to genetics.

Question 4

What are the reasons for differneces in peak oxygen uptake between males and females?

Answer 4

• Boys have greater muscle mass
• Increased in HB concentration during late teens
• Biological maturation
• ## Differences in physical activity levels

Question 5

Can peak oxygen uptake be increased with training in young people?

Answer 5

Young endurance athletes vs non – training controls
* Higher maximal cardiac output
* Higher blood and plasma volume
* Higher haemoglobin concentrations
* Higher stroke volume : contributes to the higher cardiac ouytput
* Decreased heart rate : advantage, if heart is pumping less the cost of everything in term of getting blood to the tissue is more efficient.
* Larger myocardial mass and heart volume?
- Left ventricle will be bigger
- If that muscle is bigger and stronger then we can pump blood out more efficiently.
* They have higher maximal cardiac output so they can deliver more blood an oxygen to the working muscles.

Question 6

What effect doees age and maturation have on response to training?

Answer 6

• Increase lung function?
• Faster VO 2 kinetics - Equivocal gte oxygen to lunsg fsdter na duse it which id an advantage.
• Soe studies to say that there are a higher no. of capillaries around the lungs which means that you can ore efficiently get oxygen inti the blood stream
• They an gte the oxygen to the muscle fatser and the use it more.
• Elite young athletes accumulate less blood lactate than untrained
• One of the more recognsied diffenrecs between trained and untrained young people.

Question 7

what happens with a plateau in children?

Answer 7

• Different in children as we do not see the plateau
• Some children will plateau and some won’t.
• When they looked at the difference between the children who did plateau and those who didn’t they saw no significance so therefore they created different criteria.