Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II > Lecture 18-20 - Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture 18-20 - Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Steps of gametogenesis (oogenesis)

A
  1. oogonia (germ cells)
    mitosis and differentiation
  2. primary oocytes
    meiosis starts
  3. meiotic arrest until puberty
  4. 1st meiotic division completed at ovulation -> secondary oocyte
  5. 2nd meiotic division completed after fertilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

steps of follicle

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. preantral follicle
    steps 1-3 all before puberty
  4. early antral follicle
    acted on by GnRH/FSH/LH/estrogens
  5. mature or graafian follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of kisspeptin

A
  • neuropeptide released from hypothalamic nuclei that constitute the pulse generator system
  • the PGS integrates information on the metabolic-health status of body and responds releasing appropriate amounts of kisspeptin
  • kisspeptin regulates the amplitude and frequency of pulsatile release of GnRH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low frequency pulse favors

A

FSH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

high frequency pulse favors

A

LH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

non-pulsatile GnRH

A

used in case of:
precocious pubtery (too early)
endometriosis
fibroids (benign tumors of uterus)
* continous GnRH stimulation causes decrease in LH and FSH bc body think its overstimulation so it downreguates receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LH and FSH function

A
  • develop follicle
  • FSH receptors located on granulosa cells
  • LH receptors located on theca cells only during follicular phase while during luteal phase they appear also on the granulosa cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FSH and Lh coordinate granulosa and theca cells in the production of

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

during the luteal phase, LH stimulates synthesis of

A

progesterone in granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inhibin is released by

A

granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

local effects of estrogen on follicle

A
  • stimulates proliferation of granulosa cells
  • increase FSH receptors (important for select of dominant)
  • increase LH receptors (stim syn of proges during luteal)
  • increase estrogen receptors

these all promote conversion of preantral follicles into antral follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effects of estrogen on reproductive tract: facilitates fertilization

A
  • makes thin cervical mucus
  • stimualtes contract of SM in uterus and fallopian
  • growth of epithelial cilitated cells in fallopian
  • stimulates peg cells in fallopian to produce nutrients for ovum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

effects of estrogen on reproductive tract: facilitates implantation

A
  • induces proliferation of endometrium
  • favors growth of uterine smooth muscle
  • stimulates synthesis of progesterone receptors in preparation for luteal phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

systemic effects of estrogen

A
  • 2nd sex characteristics
  • fat deposition
  • stimualtes GH release
  • promtoes bone deposition and closure of epiphyseal plates
  • stimulates hepatic synthesis of plasma proteins
  • favor good cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the positive feedback mode of estrogens happens

A

right before ovulatory phase
* rise in E induces LH surge that precipitates ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

local effects of progesterone on corpus luteum

A
  • decrease activiy of aromatase on granulosa cells which decreases estrogen synthesis
17
Q

global effects of progesterone

A
  • inhibits hypothalamus pituitary axis
  • increase body temp
  • increase food intake
  • decrease immune response
18
Q

progesterone effects on reproductive tract

A
  • decrease estrogen receptors in uterus
  • inhibits estrogen induced proliferation of endometrium
  • turns the endometrium into secretory tissue
  • increase vascularization
  • decrease PG synthesis in uterus
  • stimulates viscous and thick cervical secretions
19
Q

the follicle with the most … becomes the dominant follicle

A

FSH receptors

20
Q

the LH surge leads to ovulation: follicle maturation

A
  • LH stimulates proliferation of theca and granulosa cells
  • LH inhibits release of OMI by granulosa cells
  • first meiotic division resumes
21
Q

the LH surge leads to ovulation: rupture of graafian follicel

A
  • proteases causes ECM and connective tissue breakdown and loss of wall integry so the follicle breaks and ovum is released
  • increase blood flow and increase LH and immune cells access to follicle causes the release
  • increase GFs, cytokines, PGE/PGF which cause follicle remodeling which lead to release
22
Q

corpus luteum after ovulation

A
  • LH converts the graafian follicle into corpus luteum
  • it produces progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin
  • maximal CL activity is achieved 5 days after ovulation
23
Q

luteolysis

A
  • LH keeps corpus luteum alive for 13-14 days
  • if no fertilization, corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis
  • decrease progesterone synthesis
  • increase prostaglandins
  • vascular supplies regress
  • decrease nutrients and ischemia and necrosis
24
Q

corpus albicans

A

white body due to luteolysis leaves scar

25
Q

menstruation

A
  • drop in P and E
  • increae uterine prostaglandins
  • constrict vessels
  • fibrinolysin prevents clot formation
  • leukocytes strengthen uterus against infection
26
Q

during endometrial cycle, estrogen stimulates production of

A

progseterone-R (important)
promotes growth of endometrium and glands

27
Q

contraceptives

A

estrogen in negative feedback mode (suppress GnRH release and LH and FSH secretion)
* follicles do not mature
* estrogen does not reach critical level to have positive feedback switch so NO LH SURGE occurs and thus no ovulation

Physiology II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions