Lecture 17: Swine 1: Industry, Production and Biosecurity Flashcards
What are the global trends of the world meat consumption?
-40% of all meat consumed is pork
-As the world population expands, so does the population of pigs
-As the economies of developing countries increases pork consumption increases (increase on global industry)
-The health of the global pig herd is important
What are some national trends seen in the CA swine industry?
-Pork: Canadas 3rd largest agricultural export commodity
-CA is the #1 exporter of live swine
-The health of the CA pig herd is important
-Major swine centres: ON, Quebec. Manitioba
TRUE OR FALSE: Pigs are only used as production animals its not common to have pet pigs or use them for any other purpose?
FALSE
-100,000 pet pigs in North america
-pigs: models for human medical research
-Pigs: important sources for human organ transplant
What are the types of quality assurance programs available for food safety?
Food safety
-Canadian Quality Assurance programs: 1998 (CQA)
-Animal Care Assurance program: 2012 (ACA)
-Pigsafe -Pigtrace -Pigcare
-Canadian Pork Excellence program (combo of 2 above)
-“Voluntary”- processors will want to see this when market
-Validators- held up by audits
What are the types of quality assurance programs available for biosecurity standards and code of practice?
Biosecurity:
-Recommendations (2012)
-Standards
Code of Practice (not mandatory but makes up Excellence program)
-Producers
-Transporters
-Packers
What are the overall trends seen in ON?
-THe number of hers is decreasing (less pigs farms)
-ON pig farm size is increasing (but overall growing bc increasing # of pigs per farm) production increasing
-Farms are predominantly family owned
-Land-based farms (for crop production and nutrient management and manure used to fertilized)
-Contributed over $4 million to provincial economy
Where and why are majority of the swine farms in ON?
-Majority are in the south western area of ON
-This is bc its closer to boarder for transport and slaughter but also can grow certain ingredients in this area
What are some economic costs associated with swine production?
Fixed costs of production
-Barn, labour, utilities
What is the number 2 cost of production and why does it fluctuate?
-# 1 cost is feed
-Fluctuates with cost of corn and number of pigs in the barn
TRUE OR FALSE: the swine industry is supply managed?
FALSE
-Can have big fluctuations
-This can influence farms choices for animal care/welfare by not being able to afford the better options
What are the 4 breeds covered in class? What are each know for?
Duroc (brown pigs)
- Good meat quality
- Good feed conversion
- Good growth rates
(often used as sire/boar semen)
Hampshire (Oreo)
- Good meat quality
- Good feed conversion
- Good growth rate
(can be disadvantage bc some producers don’t like dark hairs might mean more work)
Landrace (floppy white)
- Large litter sizes
- Good milk production
- Good growth rate
Yorkshire (stand up ears, white)
- Large litter sizes
- Good mothers
What are the different stages/types of swine farms?
Farrow to finish
-Breeding
-Gestation (moved to farrowing where they give birth, pregnant for 3m,3w,3d or 115d)
-Farrowing (sow gives birth, piglets are removed and weaned at 3w) and cycle repeated for sow
-Nursery 3-10w (for piglets to grow)
-Grow/finish 11-26w
What are the types of swine farms in more detail?
Farrow to finish
- +/- raise own replacement
Weaner producers
-Sell pigs at 20-25kg
Grow-finish operation
-Buy 20-25kg pigs & raise to market age
Breeding stock suppliers
-Sell gilts and boars to others, supply boars to AI stud
-Most pigs still go for market hogs
SEW (segregated early weaning)
-or multi-site production (multiple sow herds send pigs to one nursery)
What happens in the production phase of breeding?
-Sows in individual stalls or group pens -stay here until confirmed pregnant (at around 28d then move to group pens)
-Boars in individual stalls or pens
TRUE OR FALSE: most of the breeding is done through AI only a small portion is done by natural breeding.
TRUE
-over 90% is artificial insemination
-Natural breeding 1boar:20 sows but not common