Lecture 17: Individual Differences in Motor Control

Question 1

general intelligence tests are more predictive of performance in phase

Answer 1

1

Question 2

perceptual-speed (RT) abilities are more predictive in phase

Answer 2

2

Question 3

psychomotor abilities are more predictive in phase

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Shams et al: sound-induced flash illusion

Answer 4

-same flash with different corresponding sounds
-due to binding 1 event can be percieved as 2 because of audio
-determine temporal binding window

Question 5

what is the temporal binding window

Answer 5

the amount of time for something to be multi-sensory rather than 2 separate events

Question 6

when is visual information good?

Answer 6

to know where event takes place

Question 7

when is auditory information good?

Answer 7

for judging when/time of event

Question 8

does everyone have the same temporal binding window

Answer 8

no, variations between individuals, some may be too small to detect

Question 9

what can we use to understand perceptual thresholds

Answer 9

behavioural methods; asking people when they percieve a task

Question 10

How ould we determine the “perceptual threshold” for an individual? (lowst time to percieve appearance of 2 stimuli)

Answer 10

staircase method; present 2 stimuli @ varying intervals until the person perceives the 2 as one event

Question 11

psychometric curve

Answer 11

-stimulus detection as a function if intensity/time

Question 12

stimulus intenstity at threshold

Answer 12

the individual is 50% correct

Question 13

psychometric curve to left

Answer 13

the stimulus is easier to detect (lower threshold)

Question 14

psychometric curve to the right

Answer 14

the stimulus is more difficult to detect

Question 15

Gaussian Distribution

Answer 15

probability of detecting stimulus over perceived intensity

Question 16

3 parts of probability distribution for signal detection theory

Answer 16

1. just noise
2. Signal and noise
3. Overlap - either belongs to signal or noise

Question 17

if perceived intensity is greater than criterion

Answer 17

stimulus is detected

Question 18

if percieved intensity is less than criterion

Answer 18

stimulus is undetected

Question 19

Possible outcomes

Answer 19

1. Hit (correct yes)
2. False alarm (incorrect yes)
3. Correct rejection (correct no)
4. Miss (incorrect no)

Question 20

Liberal criterion

Answer 20

hits> correct rejection ; hit a lot of signal but also hit a lot of noise

Question 21

Conservative Criterion

Answer 21

Hits < Correct rejection ; miss a lot of signal but correctly reject just noise

Question 22

d-prime

Answer 22

a measure of sensitivity and estimates the standardized difference between the mean of two distributions

Question 23

d’=

Answer 23

Z(%HITS)-Z(% FAlse Alarms)

Question 24

Stevenson et al 2012

Answer 24

-investigated if individual differences in ther perception of the McGurk Stimulus could be related to varability in the temporal binding window of participants

Question 25

2 conditions of stevenson et al

Answer 25

AAV (auditory, left)
VAA (visual, right)

Question 26

results from stevenson et al

Answer 26

-no relationship between perception of mcgurk effect and left (auditory) binding window
-individuals with short temporal binding window had higher likelihood of percieving the illusion
-right side of TBW was negatively correlated with likelihood of perception

Question 27

Lebar et al 2015

Answer 27

examined brain responses to visual stimuli during mirror-reversed drawing task
*this is more difficult so people would have to rely more on visual info

Question 28

findings of lebar et al

Answer 28

-didnt find any differences in brain response to visual stimuli in mirror reversed vs normal drawing

-high performers showed increased visual cortex activation during drawing when compared to low performers

Question 29

how can we design an experiment to examine if high-performers really do show increased brain activity

Answer 29

between group study and training studies

Question 30

hwo can individual differences be quantified

Answer 30

using signal detection theory