Lecture 15: Motor Control in Complex Environments Flashcards
Microgravity
-conditions wherein the force of gravity is very small (in orbit/space)
-the sum of forces acting on the body is 0
gravity in a parabolic flight
-at the peak trajectory, gravitational force is close to 0
Einsteins equivalence principle
no measuring devices can distinguish between inertial and gravitational forces
how are posture and locomotion possible
contact forces
Experiments in Parabolic flights
-can achieve microgravity in seconds lasting 20-30s
-can have a variety of participants
-aircraft can rotate and conditions may not be as stable
parabolic vs orbital flight
-parabolic is seconds, orbital is days
-parabolic has alternated between gravity, orbital is continuous microgravity
-parabolic can test immediately after orbital must wait to test
-more motion sickness in orbital flight
Experiments in orbit flight
-prolonged
-long time between launch and participation
early work in microgravity focused on
vestibular-ocular reflexes (VOR)
which systems does VOR involve?
eye and vestibular systems
VOR
when head rotation is sensed, eyes rotate…
in the opposite rotation. eyes move at the same velocity of the head but in the opposite direction
once the limit of eye motion is reached…
the eye makes rapid adjustment to bring gauze to new location
Nystagmus
eye movements that occur to adjust to prolonged fixation
-if head keeps moving nystagmus stops
what happens of head stops abruptly
endolymph continues to move
what do the otolith (utricle and saccule) organs of the vestibular system sense?
linear accelerations
what do the semicircular canals sense?
head rotations (angular acceleration)
**these organs are unaffected by microgravity